Інженерно-геологічні умови дніпровських схилів центрального ареалу Києва: ретроспектива досліджень та аналіз чинників зсувної небезпеки

Тетяна КРІЛЬ; Антон СТРЕЛЬЦОВ

doi:10.17721/1728-2713.111.16

Authors

Tetiana KRIL Institute of Geological Sciences
Anton STRELTSOV Institute of Geological Sciences https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5394-8731

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.111.16

Keywords:

engineering-geological conditions, Dnipro slopes, landslides, landslide hazard factors, historical areas

Abstract

Background. This article presents the results of an analysis of the engineering-geological conditions of the Dnipro slopes within the central historical area of Kyiv. The main objective of the study is to identify natural and anthropogenic factors influencing the development of landslide processes, as well as to form a contemporary understanding of the conditions necessary to ensure the stability of the natural system in the study area.

Methods. To determine the dynamics of landslide development on the Dnipro slopes of Kyiv, a retrospective analysis of landslide-prone areas was conducted. This included photographic documentation of the current slope conditions and comparison with images from archival sources. The analysis of engineering-geological conditions and the factors driving landslide displacements was carried out using analytical, statistical, and cartographic methods. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), including ArcGIS and Surfer software, were used to construct cartographic models. Engineering-geological cross-sections were developed using AutoCAD tools.

Results. The periods of scientific research on landslide hazards of the Dnipro slopes and efforts to stabilize them have been systematized, identifying five key research stages, including those conducted in the modern era since Ukraine's independence. Based on the understanding of the factors contributing to landslide development within the study area, three zones were identified and their engineering-geological characteristics were described. Areas with the highest landslide hazard were determined by slope angles ranging from 15 to 25°, occupying between 25 % and 34 % of the surface area depending on the specific slope section (Old Kyiv, Central, Zalavrskyi). It was established that the most significant factors contributing to the reduction of slope system stability are: soil water saturation (due to atmospheric precipitation and leakage from water supply networks), additional loading of slopes during urban development, engineering interventions without consideration of engineering-geological specifics, and dynamic loads (from transportation and construction activities). The cumulative impact of these factors was analyzed, and the consequences of their interaction were systematized, showing that they collectively lead to the destabilization of the slope system.

Сonclusions. Based on the results, directions for the conceptual foundations of a systematic approach to ensuring the stability of the Dnipro slopes have been formulated. This approach involves the coordinated application of engineering-geological monitoring, the updating of engineering-geological zoning of the Dnipro slope, and the risk-based ranking of landslide hazards. It also includes the development of principles for rational urban planning on slopes and the optimization of anti-landslide measures, with mandatory consideration of the historical and cultural value of the study area.

References

Abdelmonem, H. H., Abo Bakr, M., & Saad Eldin, M. (2023). Influence of water content on the shear strength parameters for cohesive soil. Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector, 18, 529–540. https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2023.310316

Barschevskyi, N. E., Kuprash, R. P., & Shvydkyi, Yu. N. (1989). Geomorphology and relief-forming deposits of Kyiv. Naukova Dumka [in Russian].

Chernyi, H. I. (1979). Changes in physical and mechanical properties of soils under dynamic loads. Naukova Dumka [in Russian].

Dahal, R. K., & Hasegawa, S. (2008). Representative rainfall thresholds for landslides in the Nepal Himalaya. Geomorphology, 100(3–4), 429–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.014

Demchyshyn, M. G. (1992). Modern slope dynamics in the territory of Ukraine. Naukova Dumka [in Russian].

Demchyshyn, M. G., & Anatskyi, O. M. (2007). Peculiarities of the development of erosional-gravitational deformations on the slope near the Park of Eternal Glory in Kyiv. Geological Journal, 1, 133–139 [in Ukrainian].

Demchyshyn, M. G., & Kril, T. V. (2019). Improvement of the engineering protection systems of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra Reserve territory. Nauka і Innovacii, 15(3), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.15407/scin15.03.037

Demchyshyn, M. G., & Lapinskyi, V. P. (1979). Manifestations of exogenous geological processes in the relief of the Kyiv plateau at the present stage. In Engineering-geological properties of soils and characteristics of geodynamic processes (pp. 32–40). Naukova Dumka [in Russian].

Feofilaktov, K. M. (1882). Dnipro landslides and collapses in Kyiv. Notes of the Kyiv Society of Naturalists, 6(2) [in Russian].

Filipovych, V., Lischenko, L., & Marhes, S. (2023). Methodology for assessing and forecasting the landslide hazard on the territory of the Dnieper landslide zone in the city of Kyiv based on satellite data. In Fourth EAGE Workshop on Assessment of Landslide Hazards and Impact on Communities (Vol. 2023, pp. 1–5). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers. https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2023500007

Filipovych, V., Lishchenko, L., & Pazynych, N. (2019). Creation of a GIS for monitoring landslide development in Kyiv based on high-resolution multispectral satellite data. In Cartographic Modeling and Geographic Information Systems: Collection of Conference Papers of the All-Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Conference (pp. 116–119) [in Ukrainian].

Guzzetti, F., Peruccacci, S., Rossi, M., & Stark, C. P. (2007). Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe. Meteorological and Atmospheric Physics, 98, 239–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-007-0262-7

Historical and architectural master plan of Kyiv with identification of monument protection zones and historical areas. (2015). http://kyivlanduse.com/sites/default/files/ том%209.1%20Книга%202%20Поясн%20зап %2C%20Звіт%2019.01.16%20269с_0.pdf [in Ukrainian].

Hrushevskyi, M. S. (1992). History of Ukraine-Rus (Vol. 2). Naukova Dumka [in Ukrainian].

Institute of Geological Sciences of the NAS of Ukraine. (2006). The geological environment of the central historical part of Kyiv (engineering-geological aspects) (M. H. Demchyshyn, Project Leader) [Scientific report, in Ukrainian].

Institute of Geological Sciences of the NAS of Ukraine. (2012). Engineering-geological and hydrogeological situation and engineering protection of the territory of the Reserve and its buffer zone (M. H. Demchyshyn, Project Leader) [Research report, in Ukrainian].

Kagamlyk, S. R. (Ed.). (2008). Archives of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra and Reserve: Issue 1. Central Archive of the Ukrainian Historical and Cultural Heritage (Fund 128, General Inventory 1, Case 30). National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Reserve. https://cdiak.archives.gov.ua/files/Arkhiv_Kyyevo-Pecherskoi_lavry_predmetnotematychnyy_pokazhchyk.pdf [in Ukrainian].

Karpenko, Yu., Marynych, O., & Streltsov, A. (2019). Technical report on engineering-geological surveys: Engineering-geophysical and engineering-geological investigations. LLC "Osnova-Solsif" [in Ukrainian].

Kolot, E. I., Kuzishina, L. P., Kutovyi, V. I., Lavryk, V. F., Marakhovska, I. I., Selin, Yu. I., Solovytskyi, V. N., & Shestopalova, Ye. V. (1984). Geological map of the Ukrainian SSR at a scale of 1:50,000. Kyiv Industrial District (Explanatory note, Part 2). Kyiv [in Russian].

Kondratenko, N. V., & Marchuk, Yu. M. (1965). Report on the work of the Kyiv Landslide Station for 1964 (Vol. 1, Inventory No. 25253) [in Russian].

Kotlov, F. V., Sipyahina, I. K., & Barshyna, I. A. (1964). Assessment and methods of studying engineering-geological processes and phenomena in cities and industrial centers in connection with new construction (Report No. 25278, Vol. 1) [in Russian].

Kril, T. V., & Streltsov, A. O. (2025). Identification of landslide hazard boundaries of the Dnipro slope near Mykilska Brama, Kyiv. Geological Journal (Ukraine), 1(390), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2025.1.322779

Kril, T., & Shekhunova, S. (2019). Terrain elevation changes by radar satellite images interpretation as a component of geo-environmental monitoring. In 13th International Conference on Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. EAGE. https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903176

Kutas, V. V., & Omelchenko, V. D. (2008). Intensity of ground shaking in different districts of Kyiv during the Carpathian earthquake on May 30, 1990. Geophysical Journal, 30(3), 34–48 [in Russian].

Kyiv City State Administration. (2016, June). Protection of Kyiv's territories from landslides will be carried out considering the latest scientific research [in Ukrainian]. https://kyivcity.gov.ua/news/zakhist_teritoriy_kiyeva_vid_zsuviv _zdiysnyuvatimut_iz_urakhuvanyam_ostannikh_naukovikh_doslidzhen/

Li, X., Guo, C., Chen, W., Wei, P., Jin, F., Yan, Y., & Liu, G. (2025). Deformation mechanisms and rainfall lag effects of deep-seated ancient landslides in high-mountain regions: A case study of the Zhongxinrong landslide, Upper Jinsha River. Remote Sensing, 17(4), 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17040687

Lichkov, L. S. (1938). On the regime of landslide phenomena in Kyiv and its outskirts. Geological Journal, 5(4), 145–194 [in Ukrainian].

Lishchenko, L. P., Pazynych, N. V., & Filipovych, V. Ye. (2017). Satellite monitoring of landslide processes in the Dnipro zone of Kyiv. Ukrainian Journal of Remote Sensing of Earth, 15, 11–22 [in Ukrainian].

Maiko, M. I., Honcharuk, A. P., Kuzmenko, E. D., & Shtohryn, L. V. (2002). Interim report on the assessment of landslide hazard and subsoil stability under important engineering structures and historical monuments on the right-bank slope of the Dnipro in Kyiv (Comprehensive Geophysical Party Report for 1998–2002) [in Ukrainian].

Ministry for Communities and Territories Development of Ukraine. (2014). Construction in seismic areas of Ukraine: DBN V.1.1-12:2014 (State Building Codes of Ukraine). https://e-construction.gov.ua/files/new_doc/3038077155897509804/2023-10-10/426eb62f-0d54-4e90-813b-09b5fcd5d5df.pdf [in Ukrainian].

Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine. (2024). List of cultural heritage monuments of national importance in Kyiv (As of August 20, 2024). https://mcsc.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/m.-kyyiv_-stanom-na-20.08.2024.pdf [in Ukrainian].

Oppokov, Ye. (1934). Kyiv landslides and the fight against them. Geological Journal, 1(1), 40–60 [in Ukrainian].

Podhainaya, E. A. (1958). Summary report of the North Ukrainian State Hydrogeological Station for 1945–1955: Central area of Kyiv, landslide group (Vol. I-II, Inventory No. 19253) [in Russian].

Tutkovskyi, P. A. (1895). Kyiv landslides. Southwestern Krai, 2, 49–56 [in Russian].

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (n.d.). Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/

Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2008). On the List of Cultural Heritage Monuments Not Subject to Privatization (Law No. 574-VI). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/574-17

Wang, C., Yang, W., Zhang, N., Wang, S., Ma, C., Wang, M., & Zhang, Z. (2024). Effect of moisture content and wet–dry cycles on the strength properties of unsaturated clayey sand. Buildings, 14(5), 1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051375

Wu, W., Guo, S., & Shao, Z. (2023). Landslide risk evaluation and its causative factors in typical mountain environment of China: A case study of Yunfu City. Ecological Indicators, 154, 110821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110821