INDUSTRIOZEMS AND THEIR USE IN SOIL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.73.08Keywords:
industriozеm, diagnostic soil layer FR, mineral and petrographic composition, archeological soil science, industrial heritage, first ukrainian sugar factoryAbstract
Industriozеm is a specific type of soil that is formed in the territories of plants and factories ("factory soils") to which soils of mining land and urban soil in general should not be related. The typical (diagnostic) feature that distinguishes "industriozеm" from other soils is a presence of genetic soil layer FR formed from by a great variety of residues and waste products of old industrial plants. Old and buried industriozеms that are formed by various forms of industrial activity in the last century can be effectively identified with methods of archeological soil science. Archeological soil science is modern trend of soil science that is used for studying different kinds of cultural heritage including industrial heritage (old factories, mining and transportation facilities, reconstruction of ancient technologies). But its usage in combination with other research methods may considerable increase reliability of results. We have studied landscapes formed in the locations of old sugar factories of Ukraine – Buchak, Troschyn and Bobrovytsia ones. In soil profile these places can be distinguished on the buried layers FR present as a part of antropogenic and cultural layers of the soil. Diagnostic horizon FR is commonly found at depth of 16-90 cm (Buchak) and includes man-breccia (the cemented pieces of building stones, quartzites, limestones and ochrer components); 36-72 cm (Troschyn). Such study of modern antropogenic relief, structure of soil profile, rockforming layer, mineral and petrographic composition of old industrial sediments and technical mineralogy data allow us to determine possible locations of the old (abandoned)sugar factories and in some cases to reconstruct lost technologies. This reconstruction might be done through combined usage of concepts of industriozеm and methods of archeological, soil and geological sciences.
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