Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology
Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology – is a peer reviewed open access scholarly journal. ISSN: 1728-2713 (Print), 2079-9063 (Online) DOI: http://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713 Field of Science: Geological Sciences. Field of Knowledge (Specialty): 10 Natural Sciences (103 Earth Sciences). Registered: by the National Council of Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine. Decision No. 1089 dated March 28, 2024. Media Identifier: R30-03800. Certified by: the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (category А). Founder-Publisher: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, registered as a subject in the field of print media. Editorial Address: 90 Vasylkivska Str., Kyiv, 03022; Email: geology.bulletin@knu.ua; geolvisnyk@ukr.net Year of Foundation: 1958. Languages of Publication: Ukrainian, English. Periodicity: 4 times a year. Indexing: Scopus (Quartile 3, SJR 0.238), Web of Science (Quartile 4, Impact Factor 0.3). Current: Vol. 4 No. 111 (2025)
Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка
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Engineering–geological conditions of the Dnipro slopes in the central area of Kyiv: a research retrospective and analysis of landslide hazard factors
Background. This article presents the results of an analysis of the engineering-geological conditions of the Dnipro slopes within the central historical area of Kyiv. The main objective of the study is to identify natural and anthropogenic factors influencing the development of landslide processes, as well as to form a contemporary understanding of the conditions necessary to ensure the stability of the natural system in the study area. Methods. To determine the dynamics of landslide development on the Dnipro slopes of Kyiv, a retrospective analysis of landslide-prone areas was conducted. This included photographic documentation of the current slope conditions and comparison with images from archival sources. The analysis of engineering-geological conditions and the factors driving landslide displacements was carried out using analytical, statistical, and cartographic methods. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), including ArcGIS and Surfer software, were used to construct cartographic models. Engineering-geological cross-sections were developed using AutoCAD tools. Results. The periods of scientific research on landslide hazards of the Dnipro slopes and efforts to stabilize them have been systematized, identifying five key research stages, including those conducted in the modern era since Ukraine's independence. Based on the understanding of the factors contributing to landslide development within the study area, three zones were identified and their engineering-geological characteristics were described. Areas with the highest landslide hazard were determined by slope angles ranging from 15 to 25°, occupying between 25 % and 34 % of the surface area depending on the specific slope section (Old Kyiv, Central, Zalavrskyi). It was established that the most significant factors contributing to the reduction of slope system stability are: soil water saturation (due to atmospheric precipitation and leakage from water supply networks), additional loading of slopes during urban development, engineering interventions without consideration of engineering-geological specifics, and dynamic loads (from transportation and construction activities). The cumulative impact of these factors was analyzed, and the consequences of their interaction were systematized, showing that they collectively lead to the destabilization of the slope system. Сonclusions. Based on the results, directions for the conceptual foundations of a systematic approach to ensuring the stability of the Dnipro slopes have been formulated. This approach involves the coordinated application of engineering-geological monitoring, the updating of engineering-geological zoning of the Dnipro slope, and the risk-based ranking of landslide hazards. It also includes the development of principles for rational urban planning on slopes and the optimization of anti-landslide measures, with mandatory consideration of the historical and cultural value of the study area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tetiana KRIL, Anton STRELTSOV https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Critical raw materials in the context of the Ukraine facility program and European integration
This academic article offers a comprehensive analysis of the role of critical raw materials (CRMs) in Ukraine within the context of the European Union's strategic autonomy and its goals of a green and digital transition. It's been determined that integrating Ukraine's rich mineral resources, supported by initiatives like the Ukraine Facility Program, can significantly strengthen the resilience of European CRM supply chains, which are essential for modern technologies. The article outlines challenges and future prospects for the country's integration into the European raw materials value chain. The scientific novelty lies in its interdisciplinary approach, which combines geopolitical, economic, and geological aspects to address the CRM issue in Ukraine. It proposes ways to overcome reliance on outdated data, verify the reserves of critical/strategic minerals in Ukraine, and attract investments.
verification of critical/strategic mineral reserves
Copyright (c) 2026 Serhii VYZHVA, Olha BILIAVSKA, Dmytro BABCHUK, Yuliia BABCHUK https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of machine learning methods and remote sensing data for crop yield forecasting
Background. Forecasting agricultural crop yields has always been a complex task, particularly in the context of climate instability and increasing pressure on resources. Given the limitations of classical mathematical models in such a complex field as agricultural analytics, data-driven approaches and machine learning-based methods are becoming increasingly important. The combination of satellite imagery, agrochemical soil analysis, and artificial intelligence algorithms is particularly promising for building flexible and accurate forecasts. Methods. This study analyzes two agricultural fields located in different regions of Ukraine with varying natural conditions. A comprehensive dataset was collected, including topographic features (elevation, slope, topographic wetness index), spectral indices from Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 satellites (specifically, NDMI and GNDVI), and soil chemical composition. Correlation analysis was used to identify which indicators are most closely associated with yield levels. Yield prediction models were developed using Random Forest and Gradient Boosting algorithms, adapted to field subplots of 5 ha and 1 ha. Results. The analysis revealed that vegetation condition and crop water balance (NDMI, GNDVI) are the most effective indicators in explaining yield variability. Meanwhile, surface temperature showed a clearly negative impact, suggesting potential heat stress during the grain filling periods. Gradient Boosting demonstrated particularly high sensitivity to spatial detail, reaching a prediction accuracy of R²=0.801 at the 1 ha grid level. In contrast, Random Forest proved to be a robust method with lower sensitivity to data scale. Conclusions. The study demonstrates that combining satellite imagery, soil analysis results, and machine learning methods can significantly improve the accuracy of crop yield prediction. The developed models incorporate vegetation indices along with factors describing crop growing conditions. A comparison of various algorithms was also conducted under different levels of spatial detail. The results indicate that the proposed approach can be effectively applied in precision agriculture, particularly for agronomic planning and crop monitoring.
normalized difference moisture index (NDMI)
green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI)
Copyright (c) 2026 Vitaliy ZATSERKOVNYI, Victor VOROKH, Olga HLOBA, Olesia LIASHCHENKO, Iryna SIUIVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The statistical simulation of dataset in 3D area with pentamodel type variogram to Rivne NPP geophysical monitoring
Background. This paper presents a statistical modeling approach for three-dimensional spatial data using a pentamodel type variogram, which provides an optimal mean-square approximation. The proposed method is applied to supplement geophysical survey data for karst-suffusion processes in monitoring the density of the chalk stratum in the Rivne Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) area. A comprehensive set of geophysical investigations was conducted in the RNPP site area. Among these investigations, radioisotope measurements of soil density and moisture around the constructed facilities are of primary interest. However, the available observation dataset, derived from 29 wells using radioisotope methods, was insufficient for high-resolution density characterization. To address this limitation, a statistical modeling technique based on the pentamodel variogram was employed, enabling the reconstruction of the random field representing the studied parameter at any point within the 3D domain of interest. Methods. A statistical model of the averaged density distribution of the chalk stratum within the study area was developed using the spectral decomposition of random fields in 3D space. The algorithm allows for generating realizations of random fields with predefined correlation structures, ensuring spatial discretization consistent with the required accuracy and resolution for geophysical monitoring applications. Results. An algorithm for statistical modeling of random fields with pentamodel type correlation functions was formulated and implemented. Using the developed software, additional realizations of the random component of the chalk density field were generated on a regular observation grid with the desired level of detail. A comparison of a set of correlation functions for one data set in mean-square was performed. A statistical analysis of the simulated results was performed, including validation against the original observation data and an assessment of the adequacy and convergence of the modeled fields. Conclusions. The proposed statistical modeling method, based on pentamodel type correlation functions, provides a robust framework for supplementing sparse geophysical datasets with high accuracy. This approach significantly improves the reliability of density distribution estimates and can be effectively applied to geophysical monitoring and the interpretation of spatially distributed geological parameters.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zoya VYZHVA, Vsevolod DEMIDOV, Andrii VYZHVA, Tetiana SHOVKOPLIAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Modeling of development optimization in Balakhani-Sabunchu-Ramana field (V horizon)
Background. This paper presents the principals of application relevance methods for modeling and optimizing the development process, such as Shewhart control charts. This method provides a guide to a detailed development process that addresses various issues that often arise when implementing waterflooding in both offshore and onshore oil and gas fields, in extraction of fluids from reservoir, challenges in well drilling, in oil recovery etc. Using the Shewhart control charts method, it was possible to obtain an adequate answer to the problem (adjustment of the development process) when studying the issues of optimizing the dynamics of oil production from the field. At the same time, this method is useful both for the analysis of all dynamic series and for individual segments (stages). The purpose of constructing control charts is to identify the points at which the process leaves a steady state in order to subsequently determine the causes of the deviations that have arisen and eliminate them. The purpose of constructing Shewhart control charts is to determine the boundaries of the system variability of the process and to predict the behavior of the process in the near future based on past process data. Methods. Development curves have been constructed using geological and field data. This graph allows determining the optimal development regime, recalculating oil and gas reserves, and fully reflecting the effective extraction of hydrocarbons from the field. Results. Analyzing the relationship among development curves, pressure recovery, oil and gas production growth rates for various development periods adjustment is possible. Conclusions. As a result of the research conducted using the Shewhart control charts dynamic model, it was possible to control and regulate the development processes of the V horizon of the Balakhany-Sabunchu-Ramana field, which is an exploitation object, as well as to determine the optimality levels of these processes and the effectiveness of using appropriate methods to increase the oil recovery factor. This method proved effective in increasing production, can effectively enhance the production performance during the optimization process. This is crucial for implementing refined management of individual horizons, determining the exit beyond of development regulation limits.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gultar NASIBOVA, Sevil ZEYNALOVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Caspian pioneer: Structural complexity and hydrocarbon distribution in the Neft Dashlary offshore field
Background. The Neft Dashlary (Oil Rocks) oil field is a geologically and historically unique offshore petroleum province, located in the southeastern sector of the Caspian Sea. As the first offshore field in the world to be developed directly on marine platforms, it has played a pioneering role in offshore hydrocarbon exploration and production. Geologically, the field occupies a structurally complex zone within the Absheron–Balakhany tectonic uplift and is situated atop a prominent northwest–southeasttrending brachyanticlinal fold. The reservoir system is primarily hosted within the Lower Pliocene Productive Series, which includes a multilayered assemblage of deltaic, coastal, and shallow-marine facies. Despite decades of production, the field remains a valuable subject for re-evaluation due to its reservoir heterogeneity, fault segmentation, and layered hydrocarbon distribution, which pose both challenges and opportunities for enhanced oil recovery and long-term development planning. Methods. This study is based on a comprehensive analysis of geological, geophysical, petrophysical, and production data from more than 150 wells across the Neft Dashlary field. Core analyses (1,453 samples from 357 wells), well log interpretations, and test data were integrated to characterize reservoir properties and map hydrocarbon-saturated intervals. Reservoir architecture was reconstructed using stratigraphic correlations and structural contouring across tectonic blocks. Oil-in-place and recoverable volumes were estimated using deterministic volumetric methods. Faults and facies pinch-outs were analyzed to define reservoir continuity and trapping mechanisms. Results. The Productive Series at Neft Dashlary comprises a multilayered reservoir system with oil-saturated intervals in 26 distinct stratigraphic objects across eight lithostratigraphic suites, including the Gala, Pre-Kirmaki, Kirmaki, and Post-Kirmaki sandy and clayey units. Reservoirs exhibit porosities of 12–28% and permeabilities from 0.001 to 3.92 µm², with facies and structural heterogeneity governing hydrocarbon distribution. The most prolific zones are found in the GS-1 and GS-2 horizons (Gala Suite), and in PKS-2a and PKS-2 (Pre-Kirmaki Suite), particularly within Blocks II, III, IV, and V. Block I consistently exhibits low reservoir quality and marginal saturation. Structural closures, lithological seals, and facies transitions control the extent of hydrocarbon accumulations, while free gas is rarely encountered. Conclusions. The Neft Dashlary field demonstrates complex stratigraphic and structural controls on reservoir distribution and productivity. Integrated geological and petrophysical analysis reveals significant heterogeneity both laterally and vertically, requiring block-by-block reservoir management strategies. The identification of key productive intervals and their spatial delineation provides a basis for optimized recovery planning and extended field life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Huseynaga MAMMADOV, Murad ABDULLA-ZADA, Elena POGORELOVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in the sludge and soil of the Dnistrova canyon within the boundaries of the Horodenkiv territorial community
Background. An assessment of the state of pollution by ecotoxicants of soils and river sediments in the territory of the Horodenkiv territorial community, adjacent to the Dniester Regional Landscape Park (RLP) and located on the right bank of the Dniester River, was carried out. Methods. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze samples of silt and soil for the content of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benz(b)fluoranthene, benz(k)fluoranthene, benz(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benz(g,h,i)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene. Sampling was carried out in locations in Kolomyia district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, which are remote from pollution sources (background content of pollutants) and directly near pollution sources (highways, wastewater). Results. Among all the selected samples of surface soil and river sediment, the sum of the concentration of 15 PAHs was the lowest in forest soil (103 μg/kg). In the sample of river sediment of the Dniester River, the total concentration was 449 μg/kg. In the samples of river sediment of the Lemyts and Derenovets rivers, in the direction from the settlements of the village of Strilche and the village of Serafyntsi to the Dniester, the total concentration of PAHs was significantly higher than in the Dniester River. It decreased in this direction from the maximum of 11471 μg/kg (samples taken to treatment facilities) to 2005 μg/kg. On the banks of the Lemyts River it was 583 μg/kg in the soil. Conclusions. The high concentration of PAHs in individual samples of river sediment of the Lemyts River and the Derenovets River may be due to their proximity to roads and settlements, their active accumulation due to the slow biodegradation of these compounds in the river sediment. The highest concentration of the total PAHs (64.034 mg/kg) was found in the soil on the side of the regional road P24. In soil samples taken at a distance of 300 m from this road, a small content of all 15 PAHs (275 μg/kg) with a benzo(a)pyrene concentration of 9.29 μg/kg was found, which are lower values than the maximum permissible concentration (20 μg/kg). The dominance of 4–5-ring surfactants (fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene) indicates the long-term impact of pollution sources and the accumulation of these substances in the soil.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oleksii BEREZOVSKIY, Svitlana MIDYK, Valentina KORNIYENKO, Oksana SAMKOVA, Oksana TONKHA, Yurii VISHOVAN, Larysa SEMENKO, Maksym SMYRNYY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Geodynamic and paleotectonic analysis of the South Caspian megadepression in connection with oil and gas prospects (using the example of the Yevlakh-Agjabedi depression)
Background. When assessing the prospects for oil and gas potential, the most important task is to determine the genetic affiliation of the sedimentary basin, i. e. type of geodynamic regime. In this regard, this article devoted to the geodynamic evolution of the Caspian Basin is relevant. The work analyzed data from published works on the geodynamic evolution of the abovementioned territory. From the standpoint of global plate tectonics, high oil and gas potential is associated primarily with continental margins, paleorift basins, zones of intermontane and foredeeps formed during the final stage of plate collision, as well as with thrust margins of folded mountain structures. The determining factor in oil and gas formation is, first of all, the geodynamic regime of the subsoil, and therefore, when assessing the prospects for oil and gas content, the primary task is to determine the genetic affiliation of the sedimentary basin, i. e. type of geodynamic regime. When determining the genotype of a sedimentary basin, an extremely important parameter is the type of consolidated crust, which is associated not only with the amplitude of tectonic subsidence and, consequently, the rate of sedimentation, the thickness of the sedimentary cover, but also the magnitude of the heat flow, which determines the conditions of oil and gas formation. Results. As a result of the analysis of the main criteria of oil and gas potential, we associate the greatest prospects with the NE side part of the Yevlakh-Agjabedi depression region and its north-eastern section of the SE centricolinal closure, where the articulation of the said depression with the slopes of the Geokchay-Mingachevir, Saatly-Kurdamir and Bilasuvar-Karadonly Mesozoic protrusions occurs. The probable zone of oil and gas formation, which served as a source of hydrocarbon fluids for the regional oil accumulation zone under consideration, was the central part of the Yevlakh-Agjabedi trough, where, during most of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic history, there was a steady subsidence and accumulation of a thick layer of Eocene deposits, from where oil migrated into lithological-stratigraphic traps, confined to the zone of unconformable adjacency of Eocene terrigenous-carbonate reservoirs to the eroded surface of Upper Cretaceous effusive formations. Conclusions. The formation of lithological oil deposits in zones of increased fracturing of the regolith surface of the Upper Cretaceous effusive rocks – in the crest of the uplift – occurred as a result of lateral migration and partial flow of oil from the Eocene reservoirs of the south-west wing and south-east pericline – along weathering zones and cracks.
Muradkhanli oil and gas accumulation zone
Copyright (c) 2026 Sudaba ALIYEVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Zykh field associated with Pliocene-Miocene deposits in view of new 3D seismic survey data (Absheron oil and gas bearing region, Azerbaijan)
Background. The hydrocarbon potential of the Zykh-Hovsan area is predominantly associated with the Lower Pliocene deposits of the Productive Series. However, at present, the main hydrocarbon-bearing unit in the Zykh-Hovsan field is the Qala Suite (QaS). The Miocene deposits underlying the Qala Suite have also been of particular interest in recent years. The present seismic studies were conducted in the view of new 3D seismic survey data. The purpose of the studies was to detail the geological models of the Zykh structure, to identify and trace the zones of development of faults and to identify oil and gas prospects of both the Qala Suite and Miocene. Methods. Seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy methods were chosen as the main research methods. Attribute analysis was also carried out. Results. In order to expand the resources of the Zykh field, recommendations were prepared for drilling of exploratory and appraisal well №2 based on 3D seismic survey data. Geological and geophysical materials were prepared and analyzed to justify the selection of the location of exploratory wells. After analyzing the seismic cubes, 3 location points of the project prospecting wells were selected, from which the first priority well – Zykh-2 – was selected and recommended for drilling. The recommended exploratory well Zykh-2 is located on the eastern steep slope of the Zykh uplift, in an area where prospective seismic facies in the Qala Suite intervals and prospective targets in the Miocene section are reliably and confidently identified in the section. The presence of well-defined seismic attributes as well as seismic classes in the predicted part of the section all indicate the presence of probable traps here. The well solves the task of both searching for the lower part of the sedimentary cover not explored by drilling and exploring the peripheral (eastern) part of the reservoir of the Sub Kirmaky Suite. Сonclusions. The studies have shown that the prerequisites for oil and gas bearing capacity on the eastern slope of the Zykh uplift are the existing favorable regional conditions of petroleum system development, and also local favorable conditions, which consist in the presence of a screening formation elongated in the submeridional direction. The negative factors include the steep eastern slope of the Zykh uplift. Taking into account the results obtained and analytical data, the Zykh-2 exploratory well is recommended for drilling in the project location.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tofik AKHMEDOV, Lala KHALILOVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Detection of geological object boundaries using the gravity tilt derivative method: a case study of the Carpathian foredeep
Background. The article presents a methodology and the results of its application for delineating object boundaries based on gravity data analysis. The primary focus is on identifying geological lineaments, such as faults and zones of increased fracturing, which are crucial for understanding the structural and tectonic framework and assessing the geothermal potential of the area. The Carpathian Foredeep was chosen as the study area due to its complex tectonic structure and its potential for geothermal and hydrocarbon resource exploration. Methods. To analyze geological structures, the tilt derivative method of the gravity field (Tilt Derivative) was employed in combination with spectral analysis and Fourier transformation. The methodology includes several steps: calculating the gradient of the gravity field, smoothing, non-maximum suppression, and contour thresholding. This approach ensures high accuracy in determining the boundaries of geological objects and identifying discontinuities in the gravity potential function. The data analysis was conducted using gravity survey results within the Carpathian Foredeep. Results. The application of the methodology allowed for the identification of regional and local lineaments corresponding to faults and zones of increased fracturing. These zones may serve as migration pathways for geothermal waters from deep heated areas to reservoir rocks, enhancing their prospectivity for exploration. A comparative analysis of the obtained results with existing geological maps confirmed the high accuracy of the methods. Additionally, new structures were identified that had not been previously recognized, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Conclusions. The proposed methodology is an effective tool for the detailed delineation of fault and tectonic structures based on gravity data. Its application enables the refinement of the structural and tectonic framework of regions, the identification of new faults and zones of increased fracturing, which are critical for exploring geothermal and hydrocarbon resources. The methodology has broad potential for use in studies of complex geological objects, such as the Carpathian Foredeep, and can significantly improve the efficiency of geological exploration activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roman PETROKUSHYN, Dmytro BEZRODNYI, Giuseppe BANCALA, Luciana DE LUCA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Electric properties of carbon rocks of the Hnidyntsivske oil and gas condensate deposit of the Glynsko-Solokhiv gas condensate field
Background. The paper focus is on the results of electric properties determination of upper carbon rocks of the Hnidyntsivske oil and gas condensate deposit of the Glynsko-Solokhiv gas condensate field. The main aim of the research is comprehensive analysis of rock samples physical features. Methods. A petrographic description of limestones at the first stage was made. Then, resistivity of samples and their relative permittivity were determined. To determine these parameters, a laboratory electrometric installation that consist of the RLC-meter МНС-1100 and the special core holder was used. Results. Electric features of rock samples such as resistivity, formation resistivity factor, relative permittivity were researched. The limits of variation and mean values of the electric properties of the studied rocks are given. Conclusions. The correlation analysis was utilized to create some correlations between the reservoir parameters of the studied rocks and their electric properties measured in atmospheric and reservoir conditions. These correlation relationships could help in the interpretation of well logging data and modeling of reservoir parameters of carbonate reservoir rocks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Serhii VYZHVA, Viktor ONYSHCHUK, Ivan ONYSHCHUK, Mykola REVA, Oleksandr SHABATURA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
METHODS TO DETECT EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS
Background. Contamination of agricultural land with explosive ordnance (EO) following the war unleashed by the Russian Federation poses a significant threat to the life and health of farmers and hinders the restoration of agricultural activities. Detection and neutralization of EO is a complex and dangerous process that requires a comprehensive approach. This article examines the main types of landmines found in Ukraine, outlines the main revealing factors of explosive ordnance, analyzes existing methods and technologies for detecting EO on agricultural land, and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. Results. The application of UAVs in humanitarian demining demonstrates significant potential for risk reduction and accelerated clearance of affected territories from explosive ordnance. Specifically, aerial photography and thermal imaging scanning via UAVs prove effective for the initial inspection of extensive areas and the identification of potentially hazardous zones. The application of metal detectors and geophysical methods allows for the optimization of further efforts. The integration of geographic information systems (GIS) with artificial intelligence (AI) offers a promising auxiliary approach. By leveraging satellite imagery and machine learning, AI can analyze extensive datasets to detect and classify changes in land resources resulting from military actions. Besides, it plays a crucial role in rapid and accurate monitoring of affected territories. Based on the test plots in the Kyiv and Kharkiv regions, this study demonstrates the practical application of Earth remote sensing data, GIS spatial analysis, and machine learning for EO detection on agricultural lands. Conclusions. Traditional methods of mine detection and disposal are labour-intensive, dangerous, and often ineffective. Applying a combination of diverse EO detection methods (metal detectors, mechanical methods, geophysical methods, biophysical methods, UAVs with aerial photography and thermal imaging scanning, and other sensors) and integrating modern technologies (remote sensing tools and artificial intelligence) allows for achieving maximum survey efficiency and increasing safety. Each method has its advantages and limitations, and combining them promotes compensating for the shortcomings of individual methods.
Copyright (c) 2025 Віталій ЗАЦЕРКОВНИЙ, Ірина ЦЮПА, Мауро ДЕ ДОНАТІС, Ігор НІКОЛЮК, Валентин КРАВЧЕНЯ, Oлександр ЦВИК, Тетяна МІРОНЧУК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
METHODOLOGY FOR THE AUTOMATED DETECTION OF ANOMALOUS GEOSPATIAL ZONES IN SATELLITE IMAGERY USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND A CUSTOM QGIS PLUGIN
Background. This article presents a methodology for the automated detection of anomalous geospatial zones, implemented as a plugin for the QGIS geographic information system. The developed tool enhances the efficiency of spatial analysis and enables the rapid identification of areas with potential changes for monitoring natural and anthropogenic processes. Methods. The proposed approach is based on thresholding and statistical analysis of satellite imagery within the QGIS environment. The plugin provides interactive adjustment of image processing parameters and automatically detects geodynamic anomalies, which are then vectorized and delivered to the user for further analysis. The algorithm utilizes Python libraries (NumPy, SciPy, GDAL, PyQt, QGIS API) to handle various types of satellite data and applies standard deviation-based criteria to identify anomalous areas. Results. The testing of the plugin developed by the authors confirmed its effectiveness in processing satellite imagery types such as InSAR, thermal infrared (TIR), and NDWI-based images. The plugin successfully identified areas of vertical displacement of the Earth's surface, detected thermal anomalies, and delineated regions with moisture deficits. This approach substantially improves the accuracy of geospatial analysis. Conclusions. The developed plugin is an effective tool for the automated monitoring of changes in the Earth's surface and the assessment of hydrogeological conditions. Its integration within the QGIS environment enables the efficient adjustment of analysis parameters and the generation of results in vector data format. Plugin testing confirmed its practical value and revealed potential directions for further improvement, particularly regarding the separate processing of positive and negative displacement values to enhance the accuracy of anomaly interpretation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Василь ГУДАК, Сергій МАРГЕС, Віталій ЗАЦЕРКОВНИЙ, Мауро ДЕ ДОНАТІС https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FIRST EXPERIENCE IN USING SATELLITE DATA FOR MONITORING THE HYDRO-FLUID REGIME OF LOKBATAN VOLCANO IN THE ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC EVENT RISKS IN THE REGION
Background. Mud volcanoes are unique natural structures affecting the environment by continuous emissions of gas-liquid fluids, mud breccia and mudflows. Despite extensive research and a substantial dataset on mud volcanism, the understanding of the fluid dynamics and hydrogeological processes associated with these systems remains a subject of ongoing debate. Globally, there are more than 2,500 mud volcanoes distributed across 42 countries (Aliyev et al., 2015), highlighting their widespread occurrence. Azerbaijan represents a unique region for the study of contemporary mud volcanism, hosting more than 350 mud volcanoes within a relatively small territory. Among them, the Lokbatan mud volcano is the most active, with 28 recorded eruptions. In this context, a comprehensive approach to studying the activity of mud volcanoes, including satellite monitoring, is highly relevant. Methods. The study employed remote sensing techniques to analyze the hydro-fluid regime of the Lokbatan mud volcano. Specifically, satellite imagery was used to calculate a moisture index for the volcano field. For the first time, this index was remotely measured, enabling assessment of surface moisture dynamics as a proxy for fluid migration and subsurface activity. Results. The satellite-derived moisture index showed clear correlations with mud volcanic activity. Observations indicate that variations in the moisture index correspond to shifts in the fluid regime of the volcano, reflecting possible underground fluid migration or pressure changes prior to eruptions. Conclusions. The study demonstrates the potential of satellite-based monitoring in assessing the hydro-fluid regime of active mud volcanoes. The approach provides an effective, low-cost alternative to field-based observations and can support early warning systems for seismic or eruptive events. These findings contribute to the development of preventive strategies for managing geological hazards in seismically active regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Аріф ГУСЕЙНОВ, Віктор НЕСТЕРОВСЬКИЙ, Айтен ГУСЕЙНОВА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UTILIZING GIS, GPS, REMOTE SENSING, AND AI IN THE STUDY OF SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Background. Modern agriculture faces numerous challenges associated with climate change, economic factors, and increasing demands for production efficiency. The implementation of advanced technologies, particularly Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS/GPS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI), allows for the optimization of agrotechnical processes and improved productivity in precision farming. Methods. This study examines the application methods of GIS, GPS, RS, and AI in precision agriculture. It employs the analysis of satellite and aerial imagery, spatial modelling techniques, geostatistics, and machine learning for yield prediction and optimization of management decisions. Additionally, the use of sensor systems for field data collection and their integration into digital agricultural platforms is analysed. Results. The study implemented a comprehensive model for assessing soil characteristics by combining GIS, GPS, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence methods. The results confirmed the effectiveness of using digital maps and satellite images for spatial interpolation of soil parameters (such as potassium, moisture, and humus content), yield mapping, and real-time crop monitoring. GPS navigation ensured high accuracy in machinery positioning and soil sampling, while machine learning algorithms (particularly LAI-based models and Random Forest) demonstrated yield prediction accuracy above 80 %. A crop rotation model built using Python libraries enabled the development of an optimal five-year rotation plan, considering soil types, climatic conditions, and potential yield. Variability maps and zoning results served as the basis for scenario-based field management at the enterprise level. Conclusions. The integration of GIS, GPS, RS, and AI into agricultural practices significantly enhances the accuracy of soil analysis and the efficiency of agroprocess management. The developed model enables the automation of decision-making processes based on large volumes of spatial and field data, contributing to cost reduction, increased productivity, and preservation of soil fertility. The implementation experience in the Kyiv region has demonstrated its practical applicability and potential for scaling within the framework of modern precision agriculture.
global navigation satellite systems (GNSS/GPS)
APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator)
DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer)
Copyright (c) 2025 Віталій ЗАЦЕРКОВНИЙ, Віктор ВОРОХ, Ольга ГЛОБА, Тетяна МІРОНЧУК, Людмила ПЛІЧКО https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROPHYSICAL ASSESSMENT OF LITHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY AND RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF WELLS CORE: RUNOVSHCHYNA OIL AND GAS FIELD OF THE DNIPRO-DONETSK BASIN AS AN EXAMPLE (PRELIMINARY RESULTS)
Background. A comprehensive petrophysical and geochemical study of a representative series of core samples (n=79) was performed for real well sections of the Runovshchyna oil and gas area of the Dnieper-Donets Basin containing productive horizons. The aim of the work was to test the possibility of full integration of geochemical methods with geophysical well logging data to improve the efficiency of data interpretation. Methods. A set of petrophysical parameters (including porosity and permeability of rocks), as well as the content of major and trace elements (WDXRF, EDXRF) were determined for all core samples after their uniform preparation and preliminary petrographic study. Obtained analytical results were used to create a combined petrophysical and geochemical data bank. Results. The created database allowed to calculate the contents of quartz (Qtz), clays (CLAY), carbonates (CARB) and organic matter (ORG) in rocks based on the content of the main elements and on the previously proposed 4-component lithological model. It also allowed to characterize the quantitative lithology of the section within the studied intervals and to show the possibility of identifying local geochemical sulfur anomalies that are indicators of oil-bearing intervals. It was proposed to establish a stable correlation between instrumentally determined porosity and permeability and the content of model components Qtz, CLAY and the coefficient (K2O+Na2O+Al2O3+TiO2)/LOI and to confirm the possibility of using neural networks to interpret the data. Conclusions. There is effectiveness of geochemical methods (elemental geochemistry) in the variants of studying the core and cuttings of wells ("geochemical log") for confident (without information losses and distortions) distribution of the results of direct "point" study of filtration and capacitance parameters of core samples in the intervals of its selection to the entire well section for full integration with the data of the well logging, achievement of the most unambiguous quantitative interpretation of all data and the needs of geosteering during drilling. The expediency of using neural networks to improve the accuracy of determining filtration and capacitance properties using petrophysical and geochemical data is confirmed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Сергій ВИЖВА, Іван ГАФИЧ, Андрій ГОЖИК, Олександр ШАБАТУРА, Сергій ШНЮКОВ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPLICATION OF A NEW CLASS OF NANOCOMPOSITES IN THE ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF FORMATION WATERS AT THE BIBIHEYBAT OIL AND GAS FIELD
Background. A new utilization technology has been developed to ensure the rational reuse of toxic formation waters extracted from the oil fields of Bibiheybat OGPD in secondary technological processes and to restore ecological balance. The study presents a comparative analysis of the environmental impact mechanisms of nanocomposites N-1, N-2, and N-4. Methods. Formation water samples collected from the receiving reservoirs of the Bibiheybat OGPD oil fields were treated with various nanocomposites to evaluate their effects. Additionally, oil samples taken from the surface of formation water were analyzed for changes in rheological parameters, and the primary contaminant-mechanical impurities were treated using nanocomposites from the N-series. Results. The proposed new utilization technology has proven to be both ecologically and economically efficient in increasing the effectiveness of reusing formation water in secondary technological processes and minimizing its environmental impact. Without requiring the installation of new facilities in old oil fields, a closed-loop water supply system can be established using either N-2 or N-4 nanocomposites, depending on geological conditions. Conclusions. According to the research findings, nanocomposites N-2 and N-4 alter the type of formation water, converting it from "acidic" to "alkaline". These composites also enhance the rheological properties of oil. Within the framework of environmental safety standards, a closed-loop, zero-waste water supply system utilizing nanocomposites N-2 or N-4 is proposed as an eco-technological scheme for preparing formation water to meet required conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Назіла МАММАДОВА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HYDROCARBON PATTERNS ACROSS TIME AND STRUCTURE: A MULTI-METHOD STUDY OF THE BAKU ARCHIPELAGO PETROLEUM SYSTEMS
Background. The Baku Archipelago, situated within the western offshore margin of the South Caspian Basin, represents one of the most prolific hydrocarbon-bearing regions in Azerbaijan. Its tectonic continuity with the Southern Gobustan and Lower Kura Depression zones, coupled with the unique geological evolution of the South Caspian megadepression, has led to the formation of complex oil, gas, and gas-condensate systems within the Lower Pliocene Productive Series (PS). Despite decades of exploration and development, the mechanisms controlling the spatial distribution, migration pathways, and compositional variations of hydrocarbons across this region remain the subject of scientific debate. Methods. This study integrates a comprehensive suite of geological, geochemical, and geophysical data from multiple fields, including Duvanni-deniz, Sangachal-deniz, Bulla Island, Bulla-deniz, and Garasu. Analytical methods included gas chromatography for light and heavy hydrocarbon fractions, elemental analysis, hydrochemical classification of formation waters, and the calculation of geochemical indices such as n/isoalkane ratios, Σ(nC₁₃–nC₂₅)/Σ(nC₁₂–nC₃₀), and Σ(iC₁₃–iC₁₆)/Σ(iC₁₈–iC₂₃). Structural and stratigraphic interpretations were supported by seismic data and well logs. Results. The study identifies two distinct genetic groups of oils within the archipelago, corresponding to the southwestern and northeastern limbs of major structures. Hydrocarbon composition is shown to correlate with burial depth, structural position, and the mineralogical characteristics of surrounding formations. Vertical hydrochemical inversions, characterized by ultra-alkaline, low-mineralized waters underlying more mineralized strata, suggest significant upward migration of deep fluids. Increasing methane content and decreasing concentrations of methane homologs with depth, combined with rising gas dryness, support the concept of thermally driven compositional differentiation. Additionally, biodegradation signatures in high-molecular-weight fractions provide evidence of post-accumulation alteration. Conclusions. The findings highlight the dominant role of vertical migration and secondary geochemical processes – including catagenesis, phase separation, and biodegradation – in shaping the present-day distribution and composition of hydrocarbon fluids in the Baku Archipelago. The strong alignment between fluid composition, structural setting, and reservoir properties underscores the necessity of integrated basin modeling approaches for future exploration. These insights offer a refined framework for predicting hydrocarbon type and quality in untested segments of the Productive Series and deeper stratigraphic units of the South Caspian Basin.
Copyright (c) 2025 Гусейнага МАМЕДОВ, Мурад АБДУЛЛА-ЗАДЕ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTEGRATED REASSESSMENT OF HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL IN THE ABSHERON-BANK AND DARWIN BANK FIELDS, OF THE ABSHERON-PREBALKHAN STRUCTURAL THRESHOLD
Background. The South Caspian Basin represents an exceptional geodynamic province distinguished by its extraordinary sedimentary accumulation and active petroleum systems, positioning it among the foremost hydrocarbon-bearing regions globally. Encircled by collisional orogenic belts, the basin has accommodated over 25 kilometers of sedimentary infill, more than 10 kilometers of which have been rapidly deposited within the last six million years. This accelerated subsidence and burial, under anomalously low geothermal gradients, has facilitated ongoing hydrocarbon generation at depths exceeding 8–12 kilometers. Regionally extensive anticlinal structures, interpreted as buckle folds developed above a basal detachment surface, have been delineated through the interpretation of regional-scale 2D seismic datasets. The convergence of an actively generating petroleum system, vast undrilled structural closures, and a regulatory framework conducive to foreign investment has elevated the basin's profile within the global energy sector. Within this tectonically complex setting, the Absheron–Prebalkhan structural zone constitutes a principal hydrocarbon province, encompassing several strategically significant fields, notably the Absheron-Bank and Darwin Bank fields. This investigation offers a rigorous, data-integrated evaluation of their hydrocarbon prospectivity, synthesizing multi-decadal exploration, production records, and subsurface geoscientific data. The Absheron-Bank field, discovered in 1951 some 25 km north of Pirallahi Island in shallow Caspian waters, and the Darwin Bank field, delineated in 1950 and sharing structural continuity with neighboring anticlinal trends, serve as focal points of this assessment. Methods. Geological and geophysical analyses were conducted to evaluate reservoir properties, including stratigraphic correlations, reservoir pressures, and production performance. Core lithology and seismic data were integrated with petrophysical parameters – such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturations – to characterize productive horizons (e.g., Kirmaki and Kala suites). Results. The results underscore substantial hydrocarbon accumulations within Lower Pliocene strata of the Productive Series. The Absheron-Bank field possesses estimated initial reserves (B+C1+C2 categories) of 6.3 million tonnes of crude oil and over 2.5 billion cubic meters of both dissolved and free gas. As of January 2022, 74 wells have been drilled, yielding 495.8 thousand tonnes of oil and approximately 1.2 billion cubic meters of gas – representing a 39.4 % recovery of extractable oil reserves. Conversely, the Darwin Bank field, developed through 776 wells, has produced approximately 17.9 million tonnes of oil and 1.4 billion cubic meters of dissolved gas, with nearly 80 % of extractable reserves already recovered. Current development efforts are situated in the terminal phase of the field's productive lifecycle, where diminishing well productivity and infrastructure obsolescence pose persistent operational challenges. Conclusions. This study advocates for the continued implementation of reservoir pressure maintenance strategies, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, and the optimization of water injection regimes to prolong field productivity. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity of sustained geological, petrophysical, and hydrodynamic monitoring to inform adaptive field management strategies – particularly within mature, offshore domains of the South Caspian petroleum province.
Copyright (c) 2025 Мурад АБДУЛЛА-ЗАДА, Тамелла ЗАГІДОВА, Руфат ШАХБАЗОВ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PREREQUISITES FOR DIRECT FORECAST OF HYDROCARBONS BASED ON SEISMIC EXPLORATION DATA (CASE STUDY THE SOUTH CASPIAN AND OTHER BASINS)
Background. The petrophysical properties of the sedimentary rocks (porosity, permeability, elastic-plastic and acoustic properties, etc.) have been well studied and the results have been sufficiently widely used in the interpretation of geophysical data. Experimental studies completed in recent years as well as intensive technology improvements in data processing and interpretation of seismic data allowed us to explore also the problem of fluid control of petrophysical properties of rocks, which serves as a basis for developing a method of directly forecasting oil and gas accumulations in sedimentary basins. İt is recommended to use a direct seismic method for predicting the productivity of the section in combination with gas-geochemical survey. The aim is to minimize the risk of hydrocarbon exploration in the deepwater part of the South Caspian. Methods. Based on an analysis of worldwide experience and the results of experimental studies in the South Caspian Basin (SCB), the direct seismic methods substantiate the high efficiency of direct forecasting of hydrocarbon accumulations in the sedimentary section. Results. The analysis of direct determination of hydrocarbons using seismic data in other basins, as well as the results of developmental and experimental validation of proposed methodology, allows us to state its sufficient applicability in the geological conditions of SCB. However, considering high economic and technological risks of drilling in the deep part of SCB (development of abnormally high pressures, high cost of exploration wells, which exceeds $100 million), and attempting to minimize them, it would be beneficial to integrate the seismic method with other direct methods, especially with gas-geochemical surveying. Conclusions. The natural exposure of oil and gas on the surface are of great significance to the hydrocarbon exploration since it directly points to the existence of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins. In the deepwater part of the basin, the presence and nature of oil and gas shows one of the few tools available to assess the prospects of undrilled area. The emergence of new analytical capabilities in recent years allows us to record a very low concentration of migratory gases and increases the efficiency of detection of even low-contrast hydrocarbon anomalies (Elias et al., 2004).
Copyright (c) 2025 Акбар ФЕЙЗУЛЛАЄВ, Тофіг АХМАДОВ, Арзу МАМЕДОВА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LITHOLOGIC FEATURES OF LOW PERMEABLE OIL AND GAS SATURATED RESERVOIR ROCKS IN THE NEOGENE SEDIMENTS THICKNESS IN BUTSIVSKE GAS FIELD AS AN ANALOG
Background. The article investigates the problem of low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir rocks, which are relevant for hydrocarbon deposits in the Neogene sediments of the Outer Zone of the Precarpathian Trough. The low efficiency of traditional methods for assessing the gas saturation and productivity of these rocks creates significant obstacles to their development, which requires the use of new approaches. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the analysis of core material taken from the productive horizons of the Butsivske gas field. A detailed petrophysical analysis was performed, including the assessment of the textural and structural features of the rocks, their mineral composition, as well as the characteristics of porosity and permeability. The methods of saturation of samples with dyes, microscopy and granulo-metric analysis were used. Results. It was established that low-porosity reservoir rocks have a significant influence on texture, structure and mineral composition of their filtration and capacity properties. The main type of porosity is subcapillary, which provides limited permeability. Analysis of the samples showed that the proportion of effective pore space involved in filtration is low (less than 40% in the total open space structure). The main productive horizons are sandy-clayey deposits of the Lower Dashava formation. Conclusions. The study confirmed that it is necessary to apply chemical treatment methods, such as acid treatments, which contribute to the creation of connected channels in the pore space to intensify gas production from low-porosity rocks. The results obtained have practical significance for optimizing the development of gas horizons in the Precarpathian trough and can be used in planning exploration and exploitation works.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олег ОСТАШ, Валерій ОМЕЛЬЧЕНКО, Тетяна КАЛИНІЙ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROSPECTS OF LITHIUM EXTRACTION IN UKRAINE
Background. The paper examines the prospects for the development of lithium deposits, which are determined by the demand of modern industry for lithium and lithium raw materials. The supply of lithium is particularly acute for developed countries, for example, the EU is 100 % and the USA is 50 % supplied by imports of lithium raw materials. For Ukraine, lithium supply is an extremely urgent issue, caused by problems in the energy sector and the development of alternative electricity storage and transmission systems. Methods. The work used methods of collecting and analyzing funds, methods of comparison and analogies. Results. The authors provide statistics on lithium production in the world relative to estimated reserves. Statistical data show that the main sources of lithium raw materials in the world are confined to the brine of salt lakes in Chile and Bolivia, and smaller in volume are sources associated with pegmatites. Lithium deposits in Ukraine were discovered in the 80s–90s, they are associated with pegmatites: Shevchenkivske (Donetsk region), Kruta Balka (Zaporizhzhya region), Polokhivske and Stankuvatske (Kirovohrad region). The ore at the Shevchenkivske deposit and the ore at the Kruta Balka area are mainly represented by spodumene, which makes ore processing quite simple. These deposits are located in uncontrolled territory, which makes their development impossible. The ores of the Polokhivske deposit are composed mainly of petalite, and those of the Stankuvatske deposit are composed mainly of petalite and spodumene, which complicates the technology of ore processing. The authors noted that the Stankuvat deposit has greater investment attractiveness due to the estimated forecast resources of rubidium, cesium, tantalum, niobium, beryllium and tin. The article describes another promising lithium resource in Ukraine, this is produced water oil and gas fields (OGPW). Recently, this resource has been gaining popularity among researchers, as it has increased concentrations of lithium, rubidium, cesium, iodine, bromine and boron. Compared to brine from salt lakes, the concentrations of lithium in the OGPW are lower, but the advantage is that they do not require capital investments in their extraction. According to the currently available extraction technologies, it is believed that the optimal concentration of lithium in water should be 100 mg/L, the development of some deposits shows economic feasibility at concentrations of 20–30 mg/L. In the produced water of some oil and gas fields of Ukraine, lithium contents of up to 10–23 mg/L have been recorded, but it is impossible to give an objective assessment of this type of resource due to the lack of systematic research. This necessitates the need for a detailed study of the produced water of the oil and gas regions of Ukraine. Conclusions. In Ukraine, there are many problems with lithium production, since the deposits are poorly studied, there are also problems with their geological and economic assessment. However, among the indigenous lithium deposits in Ukraine, the Polokhiv deposit of petalite ores has the greatest investment attractiveness. Also, a promising resource for lithium raw materials is the OGPW.
Copyright (c) 2025 Володимир МИХАЙЛОВ, Максим РЕВА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DETERMINATION OF HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION STAGES OF AGHYOKHUSH GROUP AND MEREH DEPOSITS (LESSER CAUCASUS)
Background. Aghyokhush Group deposits are located on a morphogenetic junction of the volcano-tectonic-related fault systems of the Lesser Caucasus. The referred fault systems mostly consist of fault groups, sub-meridional faults, and north-sloping syn-volcanic, tectonic fault systems and thrusts directed from northwest to southeast. The geological structure of the Chovdar ore area is where, the Aghyokhush group and Mereh deposits are located on complex Middle and Upper Jurassic magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The mineral assemblages and alteration zones observed in the Aghyokhush group and Mereh ore deposits are considered indicators for explaining the formation mechanism of mineralization. Methods. To be able to understand structural controls on ore mineralization, geological mapping, and chip sampling was done by AzerGold CJS's geologists. As a result, predictions were made on the location, lithological compound, alteration characteristics, size, and grade of potential ore bodies. Consequently, to examine the form and shape, the grade of potential orebody diamond drilling was carried out on a site, and core material from each drill hole was logged and sampled during the explanatory process. Results. The mineral assemblages and alteration zones observed in the Aghyokhush group and Mereh ore deposits are considered indicators for explaining the formation mechanism of mineralization. Tectonic discontinuities resulted in crushing and brecciation, which led to hydrothermally altered joints, planes, and ore mineralization over the discontinuities, which also, infrequently resulted in fault planes along the faults. Widespread rhyolite and rhyolite-dacite rocks in the ore field are mainly volcanogenic-sedimentary and volcanic, also, in some interval's subvolcanic facies. Mineralization phases caused alteration of the rock facies within deposits. Hydrothermal zoning was observed within altered rocks, that gradually changed from the margins to the center. The minerals identified are pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite (rarely), marcasite, siderite, barite, quartz (vein and veinlets), vuggy silica, chalcedony, malachite, azurite, hematite, limonite, goethite, kaolinite, alunite, chlorite, epidote, calcite 2M mica, and sericite in Aghyohkhush group and Mereh deposits. As a result of the research, it is thought that the mentioned deposits are formed by the hydrothermal alteration of medium to felsic composed volcanic and subvolcanic rock facies, as a satellite deposits that are associated with Chovdar epithermal gold deposit. Conclusions. Discovered deposits are formed by the hydrothermal alteration of medium to felsic-composed volcanic and subvolcanic rock facies, as satellite deposits that are spatially and temporally associated with the Chovdar epithermal gold deposit. Deposits are formed by hydrothermal processes which lead to intermediate to high-sulfidation alteration characteristics on lithological units within the ore area. The mentioned alteration styles and structural controls that led to the discovery of deposits will be implemented in future exploration works that are going to be carried out on a Chovdar ore area.
intermediate to high-sulfidation porphyry-related epithermal deposits
Copyright (c) 2025 Султан Гейбет ДЖАФАРОВ, Назім Аждар ІМАМВЕРДІЄВ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY OF SEDIMENT GENESIS BASED ON BOREHOLE LOGGING DATA AND EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEDIMENT GENESIS AND RESERVOIR PROPERTIES
Background. The Bulla-Deniz field is one of the most promising from the point of view of oil and gas content in the South Caspian Trough. It is located in the northern part of the Baku Archipelago. Despite the fact that the Bulla-Deniz field, characterized by deep wells, has been in operation since 1975, it has not yet been fully explored. Its geological structure has been studied on the basis of complex geophysical exploration works, structural mapping, exploration drilling and production material. The wells have penetrated the sediments of the Productive Series (PS) only up to the upper part of the Kirmaky Suite. Deposits of the Sub-Kirmaky and Qala Suites have not been penetrated in the field area. Oil and gas content within the Bulla-Deniz field is confined to horizons V, VII and VIII of the PS. VIII horizon, according to Apsheron stratigraphic scheme, corresponds to the Upper Kirmaky Sandy complex and is represented by two sandy-silty strata in the bottom and top parts. Horizon VII corresponds to the Fasila Suite and is composed predominantly of sandstones. The V horizon (in accordance with the Apsheron section corresponds to horizons VIII–IX) is represented by alternation of thick layers of sand, sandstone and clay. Such major issues as assessment of sedimentation conditions and genesis of the rocks forming these horizons, as well as establishing the relationship between the genetic origin of rocks and their reservoir properties, remain relevant at present. One of the most urgent goals today is to conduct geophysical research related to oil and gas field prospecting and exploration using more advanced methods and introducing new technologies. It allows to determine the internal structure of oil and gas bearing structures and oil-bearing horizons with greater accuracy on the basis of field geophysics data. Methods. Due to intensification of prospecting and exploration works aimed at identification of oil and gas bearing formations and horizons of Productive Series, there is need to apply modern methodological and interpretative approaches – tectonic, eustatic, stratigraphic and genetic analyses – as an alternative to expensive drilling. From this point of view, determination of sedimentation conditions of horizons and reservoir complexes of the Productive Series is important for a targeted search for oil and gas deposits not associated with anticlinal traps, identification of stratigraphic, lithologic, paleogeomorphologic, epigenetic and other hard-to-recognize traps, as well as for assessment of oil and gas bearing prospects of the studied region and analysis of the distribution of potentially interesting objects within sedimentary basins. On the other hand, there is a definite relationship between the lithological and mineralogical composition of rocks and their reservoir properties, which ultimately manifests itself in the petrophysical characteristics of reservoir rocks. For this reason, the study of the relationship between the genesis of sediments of the productive strata and their reservoir properties makes it possible to predict the patterns of distribution of sandy material over the area, as well as to draw conclusions about the nature of the development of porous and permeable zones. This, in turn, has important scientific and practical significance for assessing the nature of changes in the reservoir properties of sedimentary rocks. It is from this point of view that the article proposes a rational approach to identifying the relationship between the genetic origin of sediments and reservoir properties of rocks on the basis of quantitative interpretation of complex well data using the "quantitative model of log facies". Horizons V, VII and VIII of the Productive Series of the Bulla-Deniz field were considered as the object of the research. The results of the research are presented and analyzed from the point of view of assessing the genesis of sediments and their influence on the filtration-capacitance properties of rocks. Results. Using a quantitative log facies model, lithofacies interpretation of well sections X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 of the conditional area of the Bulla-Deniz field was carried out. During the analysis alluvial stream facies, bars, coastal-beach and shelf (coastal-marine) formations were identified. The relationship between the genetic origin of sedimentary rocks and their reservoir properties was established. The results showed that the physical properties of the studied rocks are directly related to their genesis. Histograms reflecting changes in average relative sandiness and porosity, as well as variation in the thickness of stream facies, bars and beach deposits along the sections of the studied wells were also constructed. Conclusions. A comprehensive lithofacies and seismic facies analysis was carried out for the Bulla-Deniz field using data from wells X1–X5 and seismic profiles. Facies of stream, bar, coastal-beach, and shelf origin were identified. A clear relationship was established between the genetic origin of sediments and their reservoir properties, particularly in stream and bar facies, where effective porosity and sand body thickness show strong correlation. In contrast, coastal-beach facies exhibit chaotic variation, lacking such correlation. Additionally, seismic facies analysis within the Lower Pliocene interval revealed fluvial, marine, and mixed sedimentation environments, indicating a complex depositional history in the study area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Кіфаєт КЕРІМОВА, Лала ХАЛІЛОВА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF CARBON ROCKS OF THE HNIDYNTSIVSKE OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE DEPOSIT OF THE GLYNSKO-SOLOKHIV GAS CONDENSATE FIELD
Background. The paper concerns the results of reservoir properties determination of carbon rocks of the Hnidyntsivske oil and gas condensate deposit of the Glynsko-Solokhiv gas condensate field with the purpose of looking into comprehensive analysis of their physical features. Methods. A brief petrographic description of limestones was performed. The bulk density of dry rock samples (matrix density of the rock) is determined by weighing and measuring their geometric dimensions. Hydrostatic weighing method was applied to the rock samples saturated with kerosene. The open porosity coefficient was determined by the gas volumetric method and the method of hydrostatic weighing according to the standard methodology. Capillarometric studies were performed by centrifugation of rock samples. Results. Such reservoir features of rock samples as open porosity coefficient and effective porosity coefficient, residual oil saturation factor and permeability coefficient were researched. The limits of variation and mean values of the reservoir properties of the studied rocks are given. The capillarometric studies by the method of centrifugation helped to understand the structure of the void space of rocks. Conclusions. The correlation analysis was applied to establish a number of correlations between the reservoir parameters of the studied rocks – density, open porosity coefficient, effective porosity coefficient and residual water saturation factor, as well as between the porosity coefficients measured in atmospheric and reservoir conditions. These correlations can be used for the interpretation of well logging data and modeling of reservoir parameters of consolidated reservoir rocks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Сергій ВИЖВА, Віктор ОНИЩУК, Дмитро ОНИЩУК, Іван ОНИЩУК, Олександр ШАБАТУРА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Formation of the natural and ecological framework of land use at the regional level in the context of ensuring environmental stability: methodological and methodical approaches
Background. Assessment of the ratio within administrative entities of different categories of land or types of land use in the context of environmental value according to the criterion of resource-consuming (resource-exploiting), environmental and reserve land use allows developing recommendations for the transformation of the land use structure to transfer lands to the category of protected elements and buffer zones of the natural and ecological framework of the land use system. Methods. The ecological stability methodology was applied, which makes it possible to assess the prospects for the formation of a single natural and ecological framework of the Sumy region of Ukraine. Results. Based on the results of the assessment, the prerequisites for the formation of the natural and ecological framework of the land use system in the Sumy region of Ukraine according to the criterion of resource-consuming (resource-exploiting), environmental and reserve land use of environmental value can be determined as favorable. A serious limiting factor in the formation of the ecological framework is the inclusion of the ecological network of agricultural lands in the land use system. In this regard, the creation of a natural and ecological framework for the land use system of the Sumy region of Ukraine and other regions now depends to a greater extent on the development and improvement of legal mechanisms. Conclusions. The concepts of "ecological framework", "element of ecological framework", "functional use of land", "transformation of functional use of land" should be enshrined in land and environmental legislation, which will allow determining the appropriate land use regimes, as well as reducing the anthropogenic impact on the territory individually for each element of the framework. An increase in the share of lands that perform environment-forming functions should be accompanied by diversification and intensification of land use in territories outside the natural and ecological framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anton TRETIAK, Valentyna TRETIAK, Nataliia KAPINOS, Viktoriia STRELNYK, Nataliia PETROVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spatiotemporal analysis of thermal comfort in Azerbaijan
Background. Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of thermal comfort is crucial for developing sustainable tourism strategies in geographically diverse regions. This comprehensive study investigates Azerbaijan's complex bioclimatic conditions using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), with particular emphasis on how the country's remarkable topographic diversity – ranging from the Caspian coastline to mountain zones – creates distinct microclimates that influence visitor comfort and tourism potential. As climate change continues to alter thermal environments globally, this research provides critical baseline data for adaptive tourism planning in transitional climate zones. Methods. The study employed ERA5-HEAT reanalysis data to calculate UTCI values, incorporating four key meteorological parameters: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and mean radiant temperature. Advanced spatial analysis techniques were implemented using ArcGIS, including interpolation for creating continuous UTCI surfaces, zonal statistics for regional comparisons, and elevation-based corrections using SRTM 30 m DEM data. Results. The analysis revealed extreme annual UTCI variations (–21.0 °C in January highlands to 28.4 °C in August lowlands), demonstrating Azerbaijan's exceptional bioclimatic diversity. Mountainous regions (Greater and Lesser Caucasus) showed prolonged cold stress (UTCI<0°C for 4–5 months), while lowland areas (Kura-Aras plain, Caspian coast) experienced significant summer heat stress (UTCI>26°C for 60–90 days). Optimal thermal comfort conditions (UTCI 9–26 °C) were most persistent in spring (April–May) and autumn (September–October), particularly at mid-elevations (500–1000 m). Conclusions. This study demonstrates that Azerbaijan's thermal comfort patterns are fundamentally governed by topographic factors. The findings enable precise, climate-responsive tourism planning: cultural and beach tourism in lowlands during shoulder seasons (April–June, September–October), alpine tourism in mountain zones during summer, and winter sports in high-elevation areas. The UTCI-based framework developed here proves particularly valuable for managing thermal stress extremes in both hot and cold environments. These results have immediate practical applications for tourism infrastructure development, seasonal marketing strategies, and climate adaptation planning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gunesh AGAKISHIYEVA, Emil JABRAYILOV, Jahan MAMMADOVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rutile from the crystalline rocks of the southwestern part of the Ukrainian shield
Background. Rutile is a widespread accessory mineral in crystalline rocks of the Ukrainian Shield, notable for its geochemical stability and capacity to incorporate trace elements like Nb, Fe, V, Zr, Al and a wide range of other trace elements. The aim of this study is to analyze the color, morphology, and chemical composition of rutile from indigenous crystalline rocks of the southwestern part of the Ukrainian Shield in order to identify diagnostic features characteristic of different rock types, as well as to enable stratigraphic reconstructions and track the migration of sedimentary rutile. Methods, Samples and Analytical details. The study is based on the analysis of 363 rutile crystals extracted from 57 heavy mineral concentrate samples, as well as textual archival materials from 11 geological surveys conducted by the Right-Bank Geological Expedition between 1972 and 2009. The samples represent rutile from various lithotypes, including granites, gneisses, pegmatites, enderbites, ultrabasic rocks, and other crystalline formations of the southwestern part of the Ukrainian Shield. Binocular microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis were used to examine rutile morphology and chemical composition. Results. Rutile content ranges from 0.8 g/t in enderbites to 109.4 g/t in sillimanite-biotite gneisses. Most crystals are black or dark brown and acicular in form, often included in quartz or biotite. The majority (72 %) of rutile samples contain trace impurities, with V, Nb, Cr, and Fe being most common. Impurity patterns vary with rock type, metamorphic grade, and regional distribution. Northern rocks (e.g., Fastiv area) show Nb–V–Fe associations; southern samples often contain isolated V. Chromium-bearing rutile was discovered in migmatized metabasites in the Berdychiv area. Conclusions. Rutile preserves the geochemical signature of its host rocks and reflects both lithological and metamorphic conditions. It can serve as a reliable indicator mineral for reconstructing the provenance of sedimentary rutile, and Nb–Cr trace element associations may assist in identifying potentially diamond-bearing source rocks.
southwestern part of the Ukrainian Shield
Copyright (c) 2026 Oleksandra PAVLIUK, Viacheslav PAVLIUK, Oleh SEMENIV https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
War-induced soil contamination with heavy metals: results from a test site in Mykolaiv region
Background. The war in Ukraine is having a serious impact on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. Chemical contamination of soil in combat zones is the most discussed issue, as the detonation of various types of weapons releases a range of pollutants into the soil, among which heavy metals are one of the most toxic. Despite the fact that heavy metals are not the main pollutants, they are most often discussed in the literature. Based on a large number of publications, opposing opinions have been formed regarding the level of heavy metal contamination. Methods. The content of heavy metals within a study site of 2000 m2 (Stepova Dolyna village) was measured by portable Xray fluorescence system. In order to identify the precision of XRF analysis, the heavy metals content (Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, As) was determined using atomic-absorption spectrometry (ContrA 800 D). Results. A study of the lateral variability of the content of various heavy metals at a test site in Mykolaiv region, which was heavily damaged by artillery shelling in 2022, found virtually no heavy metal contamination in the soil (except for cadmium in one sample). In most cases, the content of the heavy metals is not mostly related to the location of craters, except for lead, which showed increased concentrations near craters. The very good agreement between portable XRF analyser and atomic-absorption spectrometry was found for lead content. Due to low concentrations of copper, cadmium and arsenic in the soil, the XRF analyser could not measure them. Conclusions. At the study site, the soil contamination with heavy metals due to explosion of artillery shells, MLRS and mortar is slight. There is no traceable enrichment with heavy metals near craters that can indicate drawbacks of taking incremental samples in case of high-resolution studies. The use of a portable XRF analyser allows for rapid screening of the war-damaged soils for heavy metals and the identification of heavy metal contamination sites. However, accurate data on heavy metals contamination require more precise laboratory methods.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oleksandr BONCHKOVSKYI, Pavlo OSTAPENKO, Yaroslava ZHUKOVA, Іllia KRAVCHUK, Serhii PETRYSHCHENKO, Adelina LAZARETS, Oleksandr HALAHAN, Nazar STEPANENKO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLOODED LAND AREA OF THE KHERSON REGION NATURE RESERVE USING REMOTE SENSING DATA
Background. The ongoing war in Ukraine has become the largest armed conflict in the world in the last decade, causing unprecedented destruction and devastation of the country's natural landscapes. The disaster caused by the explosion at the Kakhovka hydroelectric power station inflicted irreparable damage to the ecologically important and valuable lands of the Kherson region natural reserve. The aim of the work was to study the flooded land areas of the natural reserve of the Kherson region, Ukraine, which were affected by the collapse of the Kakhovka hydroelectric power station dam, using remote sensing data. Methods. The paper highlights the features of using remote sensing (RS) for geoinformation modeling of the impact of the Kakhovka hydroelectric power station dam collapse on the lands of the Kherson region natural reserve. In addition, data from the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, Open Street Map, and Landsat 8 satellite images were used for the work. The method of geoinformation modeling in the QGIS, Sentinel Hub, and ArcGIS environments was used for data processing. Results. The study found that more than 80% of the area was flooded in half of the studied nature reserves (19). In this study, special attention was paid to the Nyzhniodniprovsky National Nature Park, which is the largest in area and is actually located on the front line. The area of flooding was 89 %, which indicates the extent of damage caused by the flooding. This paper describes the algorithm for processing geospatial data, Landsat. To analyze the changes that the park's landscapes have undergone, changes in vegetation indices were assessed. Conclusions. The paper concludes that there is a pressing need for further monitoring and development of comprehensive measures for the rehabilitation of the affected areas. It is proposed to use the modeling results to plan measures for the protection and restoration of natural complexes affected by human-made disasters. These results will serve as the basis for further research, which will include studying the dynamics of changes in the state of the land areas of the nature reserve. This approach will allow a more accurate assessment of the consequences of the disaster event and the development of effective measures for the restoration and preservation of these lands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ірина СТАХІВ, Віталій ЗАЦЕРКОВНИЙ, Мауро ДЕ ДОНАТІС, Тетяна ПАСТУШЕНКО, Софія ГОРДІЙЧУК, Тетяна МАЛІК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0