Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology
Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology – is a peer reviewed open access scholarly journal. ISSN: 1728-2713 (Print), 2079-9063 (Online) DOI: http://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713 Field of Science: Geological Sciences. Field of Knowledge (Specialty): 10 Natural Sciences (103 Earth Sciences). Registered: by the National Council of Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine. Decision No. 1089 dated March 28, 2024. Media Identifier: R30-03800. Certified by: the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (category А). Founder-Publisher: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, registered as a subject in the field of print media. Editorial Address: 90 Vasylkivska Str., Kyiv, 03022; Email: geology.bulletin@knu.ua; geolvisnyk@ukr.net Year of Foundation: 1958. Languages of Publication: Ukrainian, English. Periodicity: 4 times a year. Indexing: Scopus (Quartile 3, SJR 0.238), Web of Science (Quartile 4, Impact Factor 0.3). Current: Vol. 1 No. 112 (2026)
Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка
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Monitoring the ecological consequences of war using geographic information systems and remote sensing
Background. The study's relevance stems from the catastrophic environmental impact of military operations in Ukraine. Conflicts cause severe degradation of agricultural lands, water pollution, and destruction of forests. With many areas under occupation or in combat zones, field measurements are impossible. Thus, an integrated approach using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is essential for obtaining objective environmental data. This work aims to study the impact of military actions on soil cover, water bodies, and forests using RS technologies. Methods. RS and GIS methods were applied to monitor environmental changes. Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 imagery were used to analyze agricultural degradation in the Zaporizhzhia region via the NDVI index. Forest fires in the Donetsk region (Sviati Hory National Park) were assessed using the NBR index, with damage quantified through ΔNBR (2021 vs. 2024). The MNDWI index helped identify flooded areas and changes in the Kakhovka reservoir's water level (2021–2024). Water turbidity and pollution in the Dnieper-Buh estuary were evaluated using the NDTI index. Results. In the Zaporizhzhia region, 989 craters were identified on agricultural lands, covering over 70 hectares. NDVI analysis confirmed significant land quality deterioration by 2024 compared to 2021. In the Sviati Hory National Park, NBR calculations revealed extensive damage to forest stands with no signs of natural restoration. MNDWI data confirmed a drastic increase in flooded areas in the Kherson and Mykolaiv regions following the Kakhovka HPP dam destruction in June 2023, while NDTI values indicated a sharp rise in water pollution and turbidity in the Dnieper-Buh estuary. Conclusions. The study confirms that military operations in Ukraine have a devastating environmental impact. RS and GIS technologies are proven effective for the remote monitoring and quantification of such damage. Key findings include severe soil degradation, extensive destruction of forest resources in the East and North (exacerbated by landmining), and radical changes in hydrological regimes due to the Kakhovka HPP disaster. These changes have led to ecosystem degradation and critical shortages of drinking water, necessitating long-term monitoring strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Микола Бялий, Анна Андрієвська, Ірина Стахів, Тетяна Пастушенко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Detection of soil degradation processes in river basins using satellite indices and a custom QGIS plugin
Background. This study addresses the challenge of identifying and assessing soil degradation risks in river basins, which significantly impact the ecological state of territories. Special emphasis is placed on enhancing the efficiency of spatial analysis through the use of an advanced QGIS plugin developed by the authors. Methods. The software tool was implemented using the OSGeo Python package and integrates algorithms for weighted overlay and semi-automated vectorization of results. It is designed as an internal function set that requires no additional installations. The plugin's functionality includes satellite data processing, automated detection of anomalous zones, and the construction of a generalized correspondence table linking spectral indices to specific forms of degradation. The analysis employed multi-decadal Landsat imagery (1985–2025) together with Sentinel-2 data (2025), processed within the QGIS environment. Testing was conducted in two contrasting study areas – the Dnipro and Supii river basins – characterized by markedly different levels of anthropogenic pressure. Results. The analysis revealed clear patterns of soil degradation processes, including vegetation decline, salinization, waterlogging, drought manifestations, and erosion. The use of the generalized spectral index table optimized the interpretation of satellite imagery, enhancing the reliability of classifying degradation types. The plugin demonstrated high effectiveness in integrating index-based analysis with spatial modeling, thereby enabling comprehensive evaluation of basin systems. Conclusions. The enhanced tool proved its practical applicability for ecological monitoring and decision support. A key innovation lies in the integration of semi-automated remote sensing interpretation with multi-level index classification, enabling both rapid anomaly detection and detailed spatio-temporal assessment of degradation dynamics. Prospective directions for development include the incorporation of machine learning algorithms for automated classification, the use of Big Data processing and parallel computing to ensure scalability, and integration with cloud-based platforms such as Google Earth Engine to provide real-time access to updated data streams. Collectively, these advancements lay the methodological foundation for developing a universal system to forecast and mitigate degradation processes in river basins.
Copyright (c) 2026 Сергій Маргес, Василь Гудак, Віталій Зацерковний, Володимир Філіпович, Мауро Де Донатіс https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of development process optimization of the oil and gas fields (the case of Sangachal-Deniz-Duvanny-Deniz-Xara-Zira field)
Background. When solving problems aimed at increasing the efficiency of the reservoir development process, it is often necessary to know not only the recoverable oil reserves, but also the degree and nature of the development of balance reserves, balance reserves of oil and gas per well by the area of the deposits. This allows to make correct and reasonable management decisions on regulating and improving development in order to increase the current and final oil recovery factor. In this matter, our target object is the Sangachal-deniz – Duvanny-deniz – Khara-Zira field. Methods. The article examines the issues of optimal regulation and management of the development processes of the Sangachal-deniz – Duvanny-deniz – Khara-Zira oil and gas-condensate field using Shewhart models and methods, which are relevant for petroleum science and practice. Based on the system analysis, an EOR is proposed to increase oil recovery of the field and recommendations for the rational development of oil and gas-condensate horizons of the field. Results. The stratigraphy, tectonics, oil and gas potential and current state of development of each field separately are considered. A brief description is shown. Currently, industrially significant residual oil reserves at these exploitation facilities are concentrated in the upper stage of the Productive Series (PS) (Lower Pliocene) deposits. The main development facilities are the V, VII, VIII horizons of the PS. Dynamics of technological indicators of development on field were analysed. The annual oil production was 206.9 thousand tons, condensate was 0.864 thousand tons. Annual production of dissolved gas was 83.4 million m3, and free gas production 35.8 million m3 are estimated by data of 2022. Oil and gas of the analyzed area are confined to tectonically screened traps, since it is complicated by numerous longitudinal and transverse faults. Conclusions. Development was carried out with flooding from 1971. Field is at the third development stage. Water-gas mixter and periodic influence methods is appropriate for increasing oil recovery factor.
Copyright (c) 2026 Шура Ганбарова, Севіль Зейналова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development modeling of the Neft Dashlari field within the South Caspian Basin
Background. The paper examines the current state of development of the productive horizons within the South Caspian Basin, focusing on Block IV of the Neft Dashlari field. As one of Azerbaijan's largest offshore fields, Neft Dashlari possesses significant hydrocarbon reserves. This study systematizes extensive geological and field data to provide a reliable description of the field's geological and technological characteristics, including stratigraphy, tectonics, fluid hydrochemistry, and current reserve status. Methods. The study is based on the analysis of historical production data since the field's discovery in 1949. Statistical and geological modeling was used to evaluate the 26 discovered oil-bearing layers. The research focuses on the distribution of industrially significant residual oil reserves within the upper and lower stages of the Productive Series (PS) sediments. Results. Since the commencement of operations, cumulative production has reached 168,787.1 thousand tons of oil, 243,913.2 thousand tons of total liquid, and 13,090.4 million cubic meters of dissolved gas. Current annual production stands at 812 thousand tons of oil with an average water cut of 38.2 %. The average daily well yield is 7.2 tons of oil and 11.7 tons of liquid. The utilization rate of recoverable reserves is 87.3 %. The current oil recovery factor (ORF) is 0.440, while the ultimate ORF is estimated at 0.504. To maintain pressure and enhance recovery, water injection has been employed since 1953, specifically targeting the VII and X horizons, as well as the Fasila and Kirmaki suites of Block IV. Conclusions. Development models for Block IV indicate that micellar flooding is a highly effective Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method for extracting residual reserves. The use of microemulsions allows for the revitalization of flooded layers, potentially increasing the ORF to 50–60 %. Furthermore, it is recommended to increase reservoir sweep efficiency, reduce water cut, and optimize the well stock through sidetracking (drilling of lateral boreholes). To further enhance recovery at the final stage of development, the implementation of Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection and the transfer of flooded wells to higher productive horizons are proposed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Гултар Насібова, Шура Ганбарова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prospects of oil and gas bearings of deep horizons of the Oktyabrske field
Background. The paper examines the results of drilling wells on the Oktyabrska area in past periods. The reasons for the insignificant gas inflows from previously drilled wells are identified. For this purpose, a model of gas-saturated geological bodies is built using volumetric distributions of seismic hydrocarbon indicator values. Methods. The prospects of oil and gas potential of deep-seated horizons of the Lower and Middle Carboniferous within the Oktyabrska deposit have been analyzed. It has been shown that for Middle Carboniferous deposits, the main factor in detecting hydrocarbon deposits is the use of their seismic indicators. For deeper Lower Carboniferous deposits, hydrocarbon deposits are associated with the presence of both structural and non-structural hydrocarbon traps. In all cases, the analysis of seismic indicators is necessary to assess the probability of detecting hydrocarbon deposits. Results. To explain the negative results of well drilling in previous years, volumetric distributions of seismic indicators of hydrocarbons for the Oktyabrsky field were calculated and a volumetric digital model of geological bodies promising for the presence of hydrocarbons was constructed. Examples of the detection of new non-structural and structural traps for deeply immersed horizons of the Lower and Middle Carboniferous within the Oktyabrsky field are given. Сonclusions. The results obtained allow us to determine the directions of further exploration and development of the Oktyabrsky field. The authors' conclusions are confirmed by the results of drilling a new well 1 - Oktyabrska. The article may be useful for scientists and geologists of oil companies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Тарас Бурдейний, Каріна Злочевська, Вікторія Круглик, Георгій Лісний https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
New directions for searching for hydrocarbons in deep-seated sediments of the Dnipro-Donetsk depression: challenges and opportunities
Background. The article is dedicated to the topical issue of stabilizing hydrocarbon production in Ukraine by transforming approaches to geological exploration in the Dnieper-Donets Basin (DDB). At the current stage, most of the region's traditional fields are in the late stage of operation, with reserve depletion exceeding 80 %. The aim of the work is to substantiate the necessity of transitioning from searching for classical anticlinal structures to the systematic development of complex non-structural traps and tight gas reservoirs at great depths (over 5 km). Methods. The research is based on a retrospective analysis of the evolution of geological exploration in the DDB, covering a period of more than 70 years. A comprehensive approach was applied, combining the analysis of deep drilling results with the use of modern digital technologies: high-density 3D seismic (Point Receiver technology), elastic and simultaneous seismic inversion, geomechanical modeling, and machine learning (AI) for automated fault interpretation. Results. It has been established that the further development of the DDB resource base is associated with deep-seated Lower Carboniferous deposits. The authors identified key technological directions that ensure the success of exploration and appraisal (E&A) in complex mining and geological conditions: the transition to searching for lithologically bounded and stratigraphic traps, identifying zones of secondary porosity development in tight sandstones, and the application of horizontal drilling with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (MSHF). The experience of DTEK Oil&Gas is presented, confirming the effectiveness of integrating geological and technological data to minimize risks when developing horizons at depths of 5.5–6.1 km. The potential of undiscovered resources of unconventional objects in the DDB is estimated within 100–150 billion m³ of gas. Conclusions. It is proved that a strategic paradigm shift from "searching for structures" to "searching for depositional models and zones of improved reservoirs" is critical for the survival of Ukraine's oil and gas industry. The implementation of innovative data processing methods and geomechanical support allows not only for maintaining production levels but also for discovering new types of deposits in the deep horizons of a mature basin.
Copyright (c) 2026 Сергій Вижва, Іван Гафич, Олександр Шабатура https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Geochemical peculiarities of the Filizchay pyrite-polymetallic field (Greater Caucasus)
Background. The structural position of the Filizchay deposit is defined by its confinement to the junction region of the northern flank of the Karabchay coffer-shaped anticline with the Kekhnamedan upthrow-thrust being complicated by the Belakanchay local transverse inversion uplift. The main elements of the deposit structure are: the core of the Karabchay anticline, its northern flank and part of the Kekhnamedan shear zone which are covered by the indicated transverse uplift. The peculiarities of these main elements of the structure determine the main features of the Filizchay deposit structure. Methods. More than 2000 analyses from exploration wells were used in the article. 3D geochemical models were built for separate elements on the basis of the Leapfrog GEO program. Analytical work was carried out by the X-ray fluorescence method in the laboratories of the Geological Service of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan. Results. The article has been devoted to the distribution of the main ore-forming components in Filizchay field of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus. 3D model of the mineral elements of Filizchay field has been using "Leapfrog GEO" program. Analysis of the iso-thicknesses map clearly shows that the eastern flank of the deeper, shallow dipping part of the deposit is characterized by the greatest thickness where its thickness exceeds practically universally average value of this parameter according to the field. It has been found that zinc and lead distributions repeat practically each other. The western half of the body differs sharply from the eastern half by stable high (more than average value) contents. The overwhelming majority of zinc concentrations minimums and nearly all lead minimums are located in the eastern half which is generally characterized by the contents being below average. According to the copper concentrations distribution the deposit is very clearly divided into two parts – the southeastern part being thicker and richer and the northwestern part being relatively less thick and with contents being below average according to the field. The comparison of silver and lead isocontents’ maps indicates a close relationship of both elements as evidenced by the very similar nature of their spatial distribution within the deposit. As for lead one can generally distinguish two halves in it that are generally differed from each other in the intensity of the silver mineralization - the northwestern being richer and the southeastern being relatively poorer. The boundary between these parts repeats mainly the boundary determined for lead not only according to the spatial position but also according to the main details of the outline. All the maxima of the silver mineralization are located in the northwestern half of the field, the most of which are located on the upper horizons. According to the intensity degree of the zinc, lead and silver mineralization manifestation in the deposit, two parts can be distinguished: the western one is richer where almost all maxima are concentrated and the eastern one is poorer which accounts for the most of the minima. The boundary between them passes approximately in the middle part of the body from the upper to the lower horizons; it nearly coincides with the direction of its fall and it is distinguished by complex outlines. The frequent isolines repeatability of the zinc and lead contents, the close spatial position of their maxima centers suggest a close positive correlation between them. Conclusions. The Filizchay field developed over a long period, starting from the sedimentation period and up to the formation of ores of copper-pyrrhotite stage. The lower age limit of mineralization is determined by the occurrence of the Upper Pliensbachian hydrothermal-sedimentary ores. The upper age limit is identified by the presence of pebbles of hydrothermally altered rocks and their sulphide ores in conglomerates underlying the lower Upper Jurassic sediments.
the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus
distributions of zinc, lead, copper, silver
Copyright (c) 2026 Нігар Саттар-Заде, Назім Імамвердієв https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Background. The surface layer of layered minerals such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe₂) can be regarded as an ultrathin film, with a thickness ranging from approximately 2 nm in the in-plane direction to about 6 nm along the out-of-plane axis. This film comprises three monolayers in graphite, four in MoS₂, and five in MoSe₂. At these dimensions, the surface layer forms a genuine two-dimensional (2D) structure, which exhibits properties distinct from those of the bulk crystal. Moreover, the individual nanolayers within this layer display unique characteristics owing to pronounced sizedependent effects. The aim of the present work is to explore the quantum structure of the surface layer in these minerals, to clarify the fundamental differences between metallic and semiconducting behavior, and to examine surface-related phenomena such as the electrical conductivity of the minerals and the conversion of deformation energy associated with surface reconstruction. Based on the representation of mineral nanolayers as quantum wires, together with the results of the authors' previous studies and findings reported in the scientific literature, the corresponding analytical calculations were carried out, enabling the achievement of the objectives formulated above. Results. It has been established that as the thickness of semiconductors decreases, their electrical conductivity increases, which is opposite to the behavior observed in metals. In particular, the conductivity of the surface layer of graphite is two orders of magnitude higher, while that of molybdenum disulfide and molybdenum diselenide (MoS₂ and MoSe₂) is four orders of magnitude higher than the conductivity of the bulk phase of these minerals. It was also revealed that, in terms of its electronic properties, graphene occupies an intermediate position precisely between conventional metals and semiconductors. The paper demonstrates that quantum wires within a nanolayer interact with each other, which corresponds to the quantum entanglement of fermions as a spin system. It has been established that the deformation energy associated with the reconstruction of mineral surfaces determines the physical properties of both the nanolayers and the bulk crystal. Knowledge of this energy provides a basis for analyzing such physical properties as the thermoelectromotive force (thermocouple effect), thermoelectric effects (Seebeck, Peltier, Thomson), electron work function, heat capacity, and others. The transformation of deformation energy into various forms of energy is considered. It is shown that, under external influence, deformation energy is expended on acoustoemission (the propagation of acoustic waves), autoelectron emission (the release of slow electrons), fractoluminescence, and heat release (through friction). Conclusions. The surface nanoscale layer R(I) of minerals represents an open quantum system in which quantum size effects manifest, giving rise to anomalous physical phenomena. The deformation energy arising in minerals during surface reconstruction reflects all essential properties of bulk minerals that are of significant practical relevance: the acoustic properties of materials, required for nondestructive quality control and identification of failure mechanisms; the field emission of charge carriers from metallic and semiconducting structures, which is critical for micro- and nanoelectronics, photonics, and other technological applications; the process of fractoluminescence in minerals, which reveals the mechanisms of friction in layered minerals and potential routes toward imparting them with superlubricating properties. This list of practical applications associated with deformation energy generated in minerals during surface reconstruction can be further extended. Thus, a new direction in scientific research is emerging – the physics of the surface layer of solids and liquids (in particular, for water, R(I)=1.1 nm).
Copyright (c) 2026 Віктор Юров, Василь Портнов, Сергій Вижва, Микола Рева, Канат Жангозін, Андрій Голік https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Proper and trade names of decorative stone in geological and economic assessment
Background. The article considers the problem of the correlation of proper and trade names of decorative stones in the system of complex geological and economic assessment of mineral deposits. The relevance of the study is due to the growth of competition in the world and European markets of decorative stones, increased requirements for product standardization and the need to ensure correct identification of stone raw materials for an objective economic interpretation of the resource potential of deposits. Particular attention is paid to the problem of inconsistency between scientific and commercial nomenclature, which complicates the comparison of domestic materials with international analogues. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative-analytical approach to the analysis of the scientific and trade nomenclature of decorative stones. The current regulatory legal acts of Ukraine, national and European standards in the field of identification of natural stones, as well as international practice of forming trade names are analyzed. Examples of the use of trade names for petrographically different but visually similar rocks are summarized. Results. It was established that the proper names of decorative stones, formed on the basis of petrographic and mineralogical analysis, are a key element of the geological and economic assessment of deposits and provide an objective characteristic of the physical, mechanical, technological and decorative properties of rocks. It was shown that trade names perform the function of market positioning of stone products, affect consumer perception, price segmentation and competitiveness of the material. The risks of distortion of scientific information in the case of incorrect use of trade names are identified. Conclusions. The feasibility of the integrated use of proper and trade names in the system of geological and economic analysis of decorative stones is substantiated. It is shown that their coordinated use contributes to increasing the reliability of the assessment of deposits, market standardization and more effective integration of the mineral and raw material base of Ukraine into the international economic space.
Copyright (c) 2026 Олег Гелета https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prospects for scandium mining in Ukraine
Background. The prospects for scandium mining in Ukraine are discussed. The important role of scandium in modern industry, as one of the high-tech metals, is highlighted. Methods. Methods of collecting and analyzing published and archival materials, as well as methods of comparison and analogy were used in the study. Results. It is emphasized, that Ukraine is among the world leaders in scandium resources. Ukrainian reserves of Sc are recorded in 13 host-rock (Zhovtorichenske, Stremyhorodske, Fedorivske, Torchynske) and placer deposits (Malyshivske, Valky Gatskivske, Vovchanske, Trostyanets, Zlobytske, Irshanske, Lemnenske deposit [West section], Lemnenske deposit [East section], Tarasivske). The geological structure and scandium mineralization of the Zhovtorichenske, Pershotravneve and Gannivske deposits are described. Other possible sources of Sc in Ukraine are also discussed. Potential technologies for scandium mining as a byproduct are considered. Conclusions. A conclusion was drawn regarding the significant prospects of Ukraine for scandium mining. The Zhovtorichenske complex iron-uranium-vanadium-scandium deposit was identified as the most promising Sc-bearing object. Ways and directions of further research were outlined.
Copyright (c) 2026 Володимир Михайлов, Олена Андрєєва, Віталій Сидорчук https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Background. Zeolites are the best adsorbents and therefore attract close attention of researchers, and at the same time find wide application in various branches of industry and agriculture, and over time the areas of their application are constantly expanding. Natural zeolites - clinoptilolite and mordenite are of particular importance. Methods. To study the composition of zeolites from various fields, more than 50 chemical analyzes of zeolitized tuffs were carried out, the smallest fractions of clinoptilolite tuffs were subjected to mineralogical analysis. The refractive indices of the microscale aggregate of clinoptilolite were determined and the amount of minerals was calculated, the diffraction data of zeolites were obtained at room temperature on a diffractometer DRON-3. Results. chemical composition. According to the results of chemical analyses, it was found that the composition of zeolite group minerals and zeolitized tuffs of the Gazakh trough is characterized by a high silica content, the predominance of ferric oxide over protoxydic, calcium over magnesium and sodium over potassium. It was found that the magmatic zeolite itself is represented by analcime, which in the form of xenomorphic segregations is located in the interstitium of earlier released rock-forming minerals, such as olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, biotite, hornblende and others in the composition of teschenites of the Tugh and Kalakhan intrusions. The next genetic type of zeolites is also analcime, which was formed as a result of metasomatic transformation of high-temperature leucite. Conclusions. It was established that in most cases the initial material for the formation of zeolites are ash tuffs of trachyandesite-basalts, andesites, dacites and rhyodacites. The tectonomagmatic regime is one of the decisive factors in the formation of analcime and clinoptilolite-mordenite deposits.
Copyright (c) 2026 Вагіф Карімов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Modeling of the deep crystalline structure of the Precarpathian foredeep based on potential field data as a basis for predicting geothermal potential zones
Background. The paper presents a methodology and the results of its application to assess the influence of structural uplift of the crystalline basement and deep faults disrupting it on the prospects for exploration of geothermal resource deposits within the Precarpathian Foredeep of Ukraine. The relevance of the study is justified by the need to investigate the geothermal resources of the Precarpathian Foredeep as one of the key sources of renewable energy. Separate influence is dedicated towards the integration of modern methods for interpreting gravity and magnetic survey data with heat-flow data. Methods. To model the deep structure, an integrated approach was applied, including the solution of forward modeling using gravity and magnetic data, combined with spectral analysis and Fourier transformation. The methodology involves integrating the results of potential field interpretation with heat-flow data and temperature measurements from deep boreholes. This approach allows for comprehensive determination of the structure of deep horizons and identification of faults disrupting the crystalline basement, followed by their correlation with heat-flow data. The data analysis was based on gravity and magnetic surveys at a scale of 1:200,000 within the Precarpathian Foredeep. Results. Application of the methodology made it possible to identify zones of crystalline basement uplift and its disruption by deep faults, which correspond to anomalies of maximum heat-flow values. The identified zones may serve as pathways for the migration of geothermal fluids from deep heated areas to reservoir rocks, thereby increasing their prospectivity for geological exploration. Comparative analysis of the obtained results with existing drilling and heat-flow data confirmed the accuracy of the method. Conclusions. The proposed methodology is an effective approach for studying the deep geological structure of the Earth's crust in the context of geothermal exploration when integrated with heat-flow data. Its application makes it possible to refine the structural and tectonic framework of regions, identify new faults and zones of crystalline basement uplift, which are important for geothermal resource exploration. The methodology has significant potential for investigations of complex geological objects such as the Precarpathian Foredeep and can substantially enhance the efficiency of geological exploration activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Роман Петрокушин, Дмитро Безродний https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Magnetic mineralogy of sediments and soil of Khortysya reserve
Background. The territory of the Khortytsia Nature Reserve is suitable for retrospective investigations of the accumulation of magnetic material, heavy metals, and clastic particles of various origins in soils and bottom sediments. Their analysis makes it possible to reconstruct the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors that have shaped the condition and transformation of the reserve's ecosystems over several centuries. The aim of this paper is to study the magnetic mineralogy of soils and lake sediments in order to identify the key natural and technogenic factors that, both in a retrospective context and under present-day conditions, determine the state of the protected natural environment. Methods. The magnetic research methodology included the measurement and calculation of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ), frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χfd) as an indicator of the relative content of superparamagnetic (SP) and multidomain (MD) fractions in the total magnetic susceptibility signal. Anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation remanent magnetization (Mrs) were also measured, and anhysteretic magnetic susceptibility (χARM) was calculated. Thermomagnetic analysis was performed. Results. For all study sites, χfd values range between 1–2%, indicating a pronounced dominance of coarse-grained multidomain material over superparamagnetic and single-domain particles of pedogenic origin. The generally accepted threshold for MD grain predominance is χfd values of approximately 3–4%. The χARM/χ ratio varies between 0.70 and 2.13. This indicates that samples collected from burned areas and forest sites still contain single-domain grains, although in smaller quantities compared to multidomain (MD) particles. In contrast, lake bottom sediments (with the exception of Lake Prohnii) show a clear dominance of the multidomain fraction, as evidenced by χARM/χ values <1. Conclusions. The results of magnetic mineralogical investigations of soil and lake sediment samples from Khortytsia demonstrate that the principal ferrimagnetic mineral is multidomain magnetite of lithogenic origin, with possible admixtures of technogenic multidomain magnetite. In addition, stable single-domain grains of pedogenic genesis represented by maghemite were identified. Hematite was also detected and may have either pedogenic or technogenic origin. The presence of iron sulfides in bottom sediments, primarily pyrrhotite, is likely associated with the input of this component through weathering processes of bedrock.
Copyright (c) 2026 Олександр Меньшов, Лідія Горошкова, Максим Смирний, Тургай Діндароглу, Станіслав Горошков https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Geological and paleooceanographic conditions of the accumulation of Kerleut sediments of the Azov-Black Sea segment of Paratethys
Background. In the Middle Maikop deposits of the Azov-Black Sea sedimentary basin in the volume of the lower and upper subhorizons of the Kerleut regiostage (Vernyhorova, & Ryabokon, 2018) are interesting in economic terms, which is proven by the discovery of a number of oil and gas fields. The most complete sections (thickness over 2500 m) are discovered on the Kerch Peninsula (Slyusarivska, Gornostayevska, Seleznivska and other areas) and in the southeastern part of the Plain Crimea (Vladislavivska, Tambovska, Shubinska and other areas). In the northern regions of the latter, in the Sea of Azov and in Prysivashsha, the sections of the Middle Maikop are shortened (150–700 m). In tectonic terms, the research area covers the Indolo-Kuban and South Kerch depressions. The aim of the work is to reconstruct the paleoceanographic conditions of sedimentogenesis of the Kerleut deposits of the Azov-Black Sea segment of the Paratethys. Methods. Facies diagnostics of clastogenic accumulative formations was carried out on the basis of lithological and lithmological features of the Kerleutskaya stratum, mineralogical and petrographic, granulometric studies (Hnidets et al., 2025) and based on the results of interpretation of geophysical well studies (GWS), according to the methodology (Muromtsev, 1983; Porębski, 1999), taking into account the principle of facies balance (Selly, 1989). The work used stratigraphic dissection of sections according to the data of the KP "Pivdenekogeocenter". Results. The spatial and age features of the lithological structure of the lower and upper Kerleut sediments of the Azov-Black Sea sedimentary basin have been elucidated. Four lithological complexes have been identified: sand-siltstone (clastogens over 60 %); siltstone (50–60 %); mudstonesiltstone (40–60 %) and mudstone (less than 40 %), which in this sequence are regularly replaced in the direction from the periphery to the depocenters of depressions. The correlation of the granulometric parameters of the rocks indicates the distribution of three facies settings in the Kerleut section: an open shelf basin with calm hydrodynamics, local directed flows (alluvial-delta system, channel, estuarine bar) and elevated sections of the shelf (accumulative ridges). Based on the conducted research, models of the conditions of the Early and Late Kerleutian sedimentation within the Azov-Black Sea basin were created. The formations of five facies associations were identified: alluvial-delta, littoral bars, alluvial cones, interbasin channels and shelf plains; the features of their spatial and age distribution were characterized and the leading role of the northern land in the supply of clastic material to the northwestern parts of the basin and the significant role in the redistribution of the material of hydrodynamically active interbasin channels in the central ones were substantiated. Conclusions. The lithological and facies zonation of the Lower and Upper Kerleutian sediments was clarified, and the geological and paleoceanographic features of their accumulation within the Azov-Black Sea segment of the Paratethys were determined.
Azov-Black Sea sedimentary basin of the Paratethys
Copyright (c) 2026 Володимир Гнідець, Костянтин Григорчук, Сергій Вижва, Анастасія Ревер, Оксана Кохан https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Engineering–geological conditions of the Dnipro slopes in the central area of Kyiv: a research retrospective and analysis of landslide hazard factors
Background. This article presents the results of an analysis of the engineering-geological conditions of the Dnipro slopes within the central historical area of Kyiv. The main objective of the study is to identify natural and anthropogenic factors influencing the development of landslide processes, as well as to form a contemporary understanding of the conditions necessary to ensure the stability of the natural system in the study area. Methods. To determine the dynamics of landslide development on the Dnipro slopes of Kyiv, a retrospective analysis of landslide-prone areas was conducted. This included photographic documentation of the current slope conditions and comparison with images from archival sources. The analysis of engineering-geological conditions and the factors driving landslide displacements was carried out using analytical, statistical, and cartographic methods. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), including ArcGIS and Surfer software, were used to construct cartographic models. Engineering-geological cross-sections were developed using AutoCAD tools. Results. The periods of scientific research on landslide hazards of the Dnipro slopes and efforts to stabilize them have been systematized, identifying five key research stages, including those conducted in the modern era since Ukraine's independence. Based on the understanding of the factors contributing to landslide development within the study area, three zones were identified and their engineering-geological characteristics were described. Areas with the highest landslide hazard were determined by slope angles ranging from 15 to 25°, occupying between 25 % and 34 % of the surface area depending on the specific slope section (Old Kyiv, Central, Zalavrskyi). It was established that the most significant factors contributing to the reduction of slope system stability are: soil water saturation (due to atmospheric precipitation and leakage from water supply networks), additional loading of slopes during urban development, engineering interventions without consideration of engineering-geological specifics, and dynamic loads (from transportation and construction activities). The cumulative impact of these factors was analyzed, and the consequences of their interaction were systematized, showing that they collectively lead to the destabilization of the slope system. Сonclusions. Based on the results, directions for the conceptual foundations of a systematic approach to ensuring the stability of the Dnipro slopes have been formulated. This approach involves the coordinated application of engineering-geological monitoring, the updating of engineering-geological zoning of the Dnipro slope, and the risk-based ranking of landslide hazards. It also includes the development of principles for rational urban planning on slopes and the optimization of anti-landslide measures, with mandatory consideration of the historical and cultural value of the study area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tetiana KRIL, Anton STRELTSOV https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Critical raw materials in the context of the Ukraine facility program and European integration
This academic article offers a comprehensive analysis of the role of critical raw materials (CRMs) in Ukraine within the context of the European Union's strategic autonomy and its goals of a green and digital transition. It's been determined that integrating Ukraine's rich mineral resources, supported by initiatives like the Ukraine Facility Program, can significantly strengthen the resilience of European CRM supply chains, which are essential for modern technologies. The article outlines challenges and future prospects for the country's integration into the European raw materials value chain. The scientific novelty lies in its interdisciplinary approach, which combines geopolitical, economic, and geological aspects to address the CRM issue in Ukraine. It proposes ways to overcome reliance on outdated data, verify the reserves of critical/strategic minerals in Ukraine, and attract investments.
verification of critical/strategic mineral reserves
Copyright (c) 2025 Serhii VYZHVA, Olha BILIAVSKA, Dmytro BABCHUK, Yuliia BABCHUK https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of machine learning methods and remote sensing data for crop yield forecasting
Background. Forecasting agricultural crop yields has always been a complex task, particularly in the context of climate instability and increasing pressure on resources. Given the limitations of classical mathematical models in such a complex field as agricultural analytics, data-driven approaches and machine learning-based methods are becoming increasingly important. The combination of satellite imagery, agrochemical soil analysis, and artificial intelligence algorithms is particularly promising for building flexible and accurate forecasts. Methods. This study analyzes two agricultural fields located in different regions of Ukraine with varying natural conditions. A comprehensive dataset was collected, including topographic features (elevation, slope, topographic wetness index), spectral indices from Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 satellites (specifically, NDMI and GNDVI), and soil chemical composition. Correlation analysis was used to identify which indicators are most closely associated with yield levels. Yield prediction models were developed using Random Forest and Gradient Boosting algorithms, adapted to field subplots of 5 ha and 1 ha. Results. The analysis revealed that vegetation condition and crop water balance (NDMI, GNDVI) are the most effective indicators in explaining yield variability. Meanwhile, surface temperature showed a clearly negative impact, suggesting potential heat stress during the grain filling periods. Gradient Boosting demonstrated particularly high sensitivity to spatial detail, reaching a prediction accuracy of R²=0.801 at the 1 ha grid level. In contrast, Random Forest proved to be a robust method with lower sensitivity to data scale. Conclusions. The study demonstrates that combining satellite imagery, soil analysis results, and machine learning methods can significantly improve the accuracy of crop yield prediction. The developed models incorporate vegetation indices along with factors describing crop growing conditions. A comparison of various algorithms was also conducted under different levels of spatial detail. The results indicate that the proposed approach can be effectively applied in precision agriculture, particularly for agronomic planning and crop monitoring.
normalized difference moisture index (NDMI)
green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI)
Copyright (c) 2025 Vitaliy ZATSERKOVNYI, Victor VOROKH, Olga HLOBA, Olesia LIASHCHENKO, Iryna SIUIVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The statistical simulation of dataset in 3D area with pentamodel type variogram to Rivne NPP geophysical monitoring
Background. This paper presents a statistical modeling approach for three-dimensional spatial data using a pentamodel type variogram, which provides an optimal mean-square approximation. The proposed method is applied to supplement geophysical survey data for karst-suffusion processes in monitoring the density of the chalk stratum in the Rivne Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) area. A comprehensive set of geophysical investigations was conducted in the RNPP site area. Among these investigations, radioisotope measurements of soil density and moisture around the constructed facilities are of primary interest. However, the available observation dataset, derived from 29 wells using radioisotope methods, was insufficient for high-resolution density characterization. To address this limitation, a statistical modeling technique based on the pentamodel variogram was employed, enabling the reconstruction of the random field representing the studied parameter at any point within the 3D domain of interest. Methods. A statistical model of the averaged density distribution of the chalk stratum within the study area was developed using the spectral decomposition of random fields in 3D space. The algorithm allows for generating realizations of random fields with predefined correlation structures, ensuring spatial discretization consistent with the required accuracy and resolution for geophysical monitoring applications. Results. An algorithm for statistical modeling of random fields with pentamodel type correlation functions was formulated and implemented. Using the developed software, additional realizations of the random component of the chalk density field were generated on a regular observation grid with the desired level of detail. A comparison of a set of correlation functions for one data set in mean-square was performed. A statistical analysis of the simulated results was performed, including validation against the original observation data and an assessment of the adequacy and convergence of the modeled fields. Conclusions. The proposed statistical modeling method, based on pentamodel type correlation functions, provides a robust framework for supplementing sparse geophysical datasets with high accuracy. This approach significantly improves the reliability of density distribution estimates and can be effectively applied to geophysical monitoring and the interpretation of spatially distributed geological parameters.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zoya VYZHVA, Vsevolod DEMIDOV, Andrii VYZHVA, Tetiana SHOVKOPLIAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Modeling of development optimization in Balakhani-Sabunchu-Ramana field (V horizon)
Background. This paper presents the principals of application relevance methods for modeling and optimizing the development process, such as Shewhart control charts. This method provides a guide to a detailed development process that addresses various issues that often arise when implementing waterflooding in both offshore and onshore oil and gas fields, in extraction of fluids from reservoir, challenges in well drilling, in oil recovery etc. Using the Shewhart control charts method, it was possible to obtain an adequate answer to the problem (adjustment of the development process) when studying the issues of optimizing the dynamics of oil production from the field. At the same time, this method is useful both for the analysis of all dynamic series and for individual segments (stages). The purpose of constructing control charts is to identify the points at which the process leaves a steady state in order to subsequently determine the causes of the deviations that have arisen and eliminate them. The purpose of constructing Shewhart control charts is to determine the boundaries of the system variability of the process and to predict the behavior of the process in the near future based on past process data. Methods. Development curves have been constructed using geological and field data. This graph allows determining the optimal development regime, recalculating oil and gas reserves, and fully reflecting the effective extraction of hydrocarbons from the field. Results. Analyzing the relationship among development curves, pressure recovery, oil and gas production growth rates for various development periods adjustment is possible. Conclusions. As a result of the research conducted using the Shewhart control charts dynamic model, it was possible to control and regulate the development processes of the V horizon of the Balakhany-Sabunchu-Ramana field, which is an exploitation object, as well as to determine the optimality levels of these processes and the effectiveness of using appropriate methods to increase the oil recovery factor. This method proved effective in increasing production, can effectively enhance the production performance during the optimization process. This is crucial for implementing refined management of individual horizons, determining the exit beyond of development regulation limits.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gultar NASIBOVA, Sevil ZEYNALOVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Caspian pioneer: Structural complexity and hydrocarbon distribution in the Neft Dashlary offshore field
Background. The Neft Dashlary (Oil Rocks) oil field is a geologically and historically unique offshore petroleum province, located in the southeastern sector of the Caspian Sea. As the first offshore field in the world to be developed directly on marine platforms, it has played a pioneering role in offshore hydrocarbon exploration and production. Geologically, the field occupies a structurally complex zone within the Absheron–Balakhany tectonic uplift and is situated atop a prominent northwest–southeasttrending brachyanticlinal fold. The reservoir system is primarily hosted within the Lower Pliocene Productive Series, which includes a multilayered assemblage of deltaic, coastal, and shallow-marine facies. Despite decades of production, the field remains a valuable subject for re-evaluation due to its reservoir heterogeneity, fault segmentation, and layered hydrocarbon distribution, which pose both challenges and opportunities for enhanced oil recovery and long-term development planning. Methods. This study is based on a comprehensive analysis of geological, geophysical, petrophysical, and production data from more than 150 wells across the Neft Dashlary field. Core analyses (1,453 samples from 357 wells), well log interpretations, and test data were integrated to characterize reservoir properties and map hydrocarbon-saturated intervals. Reservoir architecture was reconstructed using stratigraphic correlations and structural contouring across tectonic blocks. Oil-in-place and recoverable volumes were estimated using deterministic volumetric methods. Faults and facies pinch-outs were analyzed to define reservoir continuity and trapping mechanisms. Results. The Productive Series at Neft Dashlary comprises a multilayered reservoir system with oil-saturated intervals in 26 distinct stratigraphic objects across eight lithostratigraphic suites, including the Gala, Pre-Kirmaki, Kirmaki, and Post-Kirmaki sandy and clayey units. Reservoirs exhibit porosities of 12–28% and permeabilities from 0.001 to 3.92 µm², with facies and structural heterogeneity governing hydrocarbon distribution. The most prolific zones are found in the GS-1 and GS-2 horizons (Gala Suite), and in PKS-2a and PKS-2 (Pre-Kirmaki Suite), particularly within Blocks II, III, IV, and V. Block I consistently exhibits low reservoir quality and marginal saturation. Structural closures, lithological seals, and facies transitions control the extent of hydrocarbon accumulations, while free gas is rarely encountered. Conclusions. The Neft Dashlary field demonstrates complex stratigraphic and structural controls on reservoir distribution and productivity. Integrated geological and petrophysical analysis reveals significant heterogeneity both laterally and vertically, requiring block-by-block reservoir management strategies. The identification of key productive intervals and their spatial delineation provides a basis for optimized recovery planning and extended field life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Huseynaga MAMMADOV, Murad ABDULLA-ZADA, Elena POGORELOVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in the sludge and soil of the Dnistrova canyon within the boundaries of the Horodenkiv territorial community
Background. An assessment of the state of pollution by ecotoxicants of soils and river sediments in the territory of the Horodenkiv territorial community, adjacent to the Dniester Regional Landscape Park (RLP) and located on the right bank of the Dniester River, was carried out. Methods. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze samples of silt and soil for the content of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benz(b)fluoranthene, benz(k)fluoranthene, benz(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benz(g,h,i)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene. Sampling was carried out in locations in Kolomyia district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, which are remote from pollution sources (background content of pollutants) and directly near pollution sources (highways, wastewater). Results. Among all the selected samples of surface soil and river sediment, the sum of the concentration of 15 PAHs was the lowest in forest soil (103 μg/kg). In the sample of river sediment of the Dniester River, the total concentration was 449 μg/kg. In the samples of river sediment of the Lemyts and Derenovets rivers, in the direction from the settlements of the village of Strilche and the village of Serafyntsi to the Dniester, the total concentration of PAHs was significantly higher than in the Dniester River. It decreased in this direction from the maximum of 11471 μg/kg (samples taken to treatment facilities) to 2005 μg/kg. On the banks of the Lemyts River it was 583 μg/kg in the soil. Conclusions. The high concentration of PAHs in individual samples of river sediment of the Lemyts River and the Derenovets River may be due to their proximity to roads and settlements, their active accumulation due to the slow biodegradation of these compounds in the river sediment. The highest concentration of the total PAHs (64.034 mg/kg) was found in the soil on the side of the regional road P24. In soil samples taken at a distance of 300 m from this road, a small content of all 15 PAHs (275 μg/kg) with a benzo(a)pyrene concentration of 9.29 μg/kg was found, which are lower values than the maximum permissible concentration (20 μg/kg). The dominance of 4–5-ring surfactants (fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene) indicates the long-term impact of pollution sources and the accumulation of these substances in the soil.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oleksii BEREZOVSKIY, Svitlana MIDYK, Valentina KORNIYENKO, Oksana SAMKOVA, Oksana TONKHA, Yurii VISHOVAN, Larysa SEMENKO, Maksym SMYRNYY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Geodynamic and paleotectonic analysis of the South Caspian megadepression in connection with oil and gas prospects (using the example of the Yevlakh-Agjabedi depression)
Background. When assessing the prospects for oil and gas potential, the most important task is to determine the genetic affiliation of the sedimentary basin, i. e. type of geodynamic regime. In this regard, this article devoted to the geodynamic evolution of the Caspian Basin is relevant. The work analyzed data from published works on the geodynamic evolution of the abovementioned territory. From the standpoint of global plate tectonics, high oil and gas potential is associated primarily with continental margins, paleorift basins, zones of intermontane and foredeeps formed during the final stage of plate collision, as well as with thrust margins of folded mountain structures. The determining factor in oil and gas formation is, first of all, the geodynamic regime of the subsoil, and therefore, when assessing the prospects for oil and gas content, the primary task is to determine the genetic affiliation of the sedimentary basin, i. e. type of geodynamic regime. When determining the genotype of a sedimentary basin, an extremely important parameter is the type of consolidated crust, which is associated not only with the amplitude of tectonic subsidence and, consequently, the rate of sedimentation, the thickness of the sedimentary cover, but also the magnitude of the heat flow, which determines the conditions of oil and gas formation. Results. As a result of the analysis of the main criteria of oil and gas potential, we associate the greatest prospects with the NE side part of the Yevlakh-Agjabedi depression region and its north-eastern section of the SE centricolinal closure, where the articulation of the said depression with the slopes of the Geokchay-Mingachevir, Saatly-Kurdamir and Bilasuvar-Karadonly Mesozoic protrusions occurs. The probable zone of oil and gas formation, which served as a source of hydrocarbon fluids for the regional oil accumulation zone under consideration, was the central part of the Yevlakh-Agjabedi trough, where, during most of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic history, there was a steady subsidence and accumulation of a thick layer of Eocene deposits, from where oil migrated into lithological-stratigraphic traps, confined to the zone of unconformable adjacency of Eocene terrigenous-carbonate reservoirs to the eroded surface of Upper Cretaceous effusive formations. Conclusions. The formation of lithological oil deposits in zones of increased fracturing of the regolith surface of the Upper Cretaceous effusive rocks – in the crest of the uplift – occurred as a result of lateral migration and partial flow of oil from the Eocene reservoirs of the south-west wing and south-east pericline – along weathering zones and cracks.
Muradkhanli oil and gas accumulation zone
Copyright (c) 2025 Sudaba ALIYEVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Zykh field associated with Pliocene-Miocene deposits in view of new 3D seismic survey data (Absheron oil and gas bearing region, Azerbaijan)
Background. The hydrocarbon potential of the Zykh-Hovsan area is predominantly associated with the Lower Pliocene deposits of the Productive Series. However, at present, the main hydrocarbon-bearing unit in the Zykh-Hovsan field is the Qala Suite (QaS). The Miocene deposits underlying the Qala Suite have also been of particular interest in recent years. The present seismic studies were conducted in the view of new 3D seismic survey data. The purpose of the studies was to detail the geological models of the Zykh structure, to identify and trace the zones of development of faults and to identify oil and gas prospects of both the Qala Suite and Miocene. Methods. Seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy methods were chosen as the main research methods. Attribute analysis was also carried out. Results. In order to expand the resources of the Zykh field, recommendations were prepared for drilling of exploratory and appraisal well №2 based on 3D seismic survey data. Geological and geophysical materials were prepared and analyzed to justify the selection of the location of exploratory wells. After analyzing the seismic cubes, 3 location points of the project prospecting wells were selected, from which the first priority well – Zykh-2 – was selected and recommended for drilling. The recommended exploratory well Zykh-2 is located on the eastern steep slope of the Zykh uplift, in an area where prospective seismic facies in the Qala Suite intervals and prospective targets in the Miocene section are reliably and confidently identified in the section. The presence of well-defined seismic attributes as well as seismic classes in the predicted part of the section all indicate the presence of probable traps here. The well solves the task of both searching for the lower part of the sedimentary cover not explored by drilling and exploring the peripheral (eastern) part of the reservoir of the Sub Kirmaky Suite. Сonclusions. The studies have shown that the prerequisites for oil and gas bearing capacity on the eastern slope of the Zykh uplift are the existing favorable regional conditions of petroleum system development, and also local favorable conditions, which consist in the presence of a screening formation elongated in the submeridional direction. The negative factors include the steep eastern slope of the Zykh uplift. Taking into account the results obtained and analytical data, the Zykh-2 exploratory well is recommended for drilling in the project location.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tofik AKHMEDOV, Lala KHALILOVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Detection of geological object boundaries using the gravity tilt derivative method: a case study of the Carpathian foredeep
Background. The article presents a methodology and the results of its application for delineating object boundaries based on gravity data analysis. The primary focus is on identifying geological lineaments, such as faults and zones of increased fracturing, which are crucial for understanding the structural and tectonic framework and assessing the geothermal potential of the area. The Carpathian Foredeep was chosen as the study area due to its complex tectonic structure and its potential for geothermal and hydrocarbon resource exploration. Methods. To analyze geological structures, the tilt derivative method of the gravity field (Tilt Derivative) was employed in combination with spectral analysis and Fourier transformation. The methodology includes several steps: calculating the gradient of the gravity field, smoothing, non-maximum suppression, and contour thresholding. This approach ensures high accuracy in determining the boundaries of geological objects and identifying discontinuities in the gravity potential function. The data analysis was conducted using gravity survey results within the Carpathian Foredeep. Results. The application of the methodology allowed for the identification of regional and local lineaments corresponding to faults and zones of increased fracturing. These zones may serve as migration pathways for geothermal waters from deep heated areas to reservoir rocks, enhancing their prospectivity for exploration. A comparative analysis of the obtained results with existing geological maps confirmed the high accuracy of the methods. Additionally, new structures were identified that had not been previously recognized, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Conclusions. The proposed methodology is an effective tool for the detailed delineation of fault and tectonic structures based on gravity data. Its application enables the refinement of the structural and tectonic framework of regions, the identification of new faults and zones of increased fracturing, which are critical for exploring geothermal and hydrocarbon resources. The methodology has broad potential for use in studies of complex geological objects, such as the Carpathian Foredeep, and can significantly improve the efficiency of geological exploration activities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Roman PETROKUSHYN, Dmytro BEZRODNYI, Giuseppe BANCALA, Luciana DE LUCA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Electric properties of carbon rocks of the Hnidyntsivske oil and gas condensate deposit of the Glynsko-Solokhiv gas condensate field
Background. The paper focus is on the results of electric properties determination of upper carbon rocks of the Hnidyntsivske oil and gas condensate deposit of the Glynsko-Solokhiv gas condensate field. The main aim of the research is comprehensive analysis of rock samples physical features. Methods. A petrographic description of limestones at the first stage was made. Then, resistivity of samples and their relative permittivity were determined. To determine these parameters, a laboratory electrometric installation that consist of the RLC-meter МНС-1100 and the special core holder was used. Results. Electric features of rock samples such as resistivity, formation resistivity factor, relative permittivity were researched. The limits of variation and mean values of the electric properties of the studied rocks are given. Conclusions. The correlation analysis was utilized to create some correlations between the reservoir parameters of the studied rocks and their electric properties measured in atmospheric and reservoir conditions. These correlation relationships could help in the interpretation of well logging data and modeling of reservoir parameters of carbonate reservoir rocks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Serhii VYZHVA, Viktor ONYSHCHUK, Ivan ONYSHCHUK, Mykola REVA, Oleksandr SHABATURA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Geochemical monitoring of the suspended Dnipro River flux as a tool for study of natural and anthropogenic input of elements into alluvial/deltaic/marine sediments (preliminary results)
Background. Geochemical evolution of suspended Dnipro River flux was studied during long-term monitoring (July 2015 – December 2018) with regular monthly sampling of suspended matter (42 samples). The work was aimed at revising the accumulated data and their pilot interpretation with the development of proposals for optimal modification of the monitoring system for further effective use. Methods. Bulk major and trace elements content, granulometric composition, morphology and chemical composition of particles were determined for all trapped suspension samples (SEM, EPMA, EDXRF, laser granulometry). Results. Pilot interpretation of accumulated data based on Zr-normalized element concentrations allowed to classify them into the 1ˢᵗ (Si, Al, K, Ba, Sr, Rb, Y, La, Nb), 2ⁿᵈ (Fe, Pb, Mn) and 3ʳᵈ (Cu, Zn, As, Ni) groups with fundamentally different behavior. Temporal evolution of elements influx and ranking in its transfer intensity was characterized by a set of integral indices: Iₗ = Mₛₐₘₚₗₑ × Nb × Y × Sr × Ba × Rb / Zr⁵, Iₛ = Mₛₐₘₚₗₑ × Fe × Pb / Zr² and I꜀ₕ = Mₛₐₘₚₗₑ × Cu × Zn × Ni × As / Zr⁴, respectively (element symbols = concentrations in ppm and Mₛₐₘₚₗₑ = suspension mass in g captured monthly), or with their normalized analogues Iₗᴺ = Iₗ / Iₗᵁᶜᶜ, Iₛᴺ = Iₛ / Iₛᵁᶜᶜ and I꜀ₕᴺ = I꜀ₕ / I꜀ₕᵁᶜᶜ (Iₗᵁᶜᶜ, Iₛᵁᶜᶜ and I꜀ₕᵁᶜᶜ are calculated in the same way, but using element concentrations in Upper Continental Crust and Mₛₐₘₚₗₑ = average monthly trapped suspension mass over the observation period). Conclusions. Proposed simple interpretation approach based on Zr-normalized element concentrations confirms the effectiveness of geochemical monitoring of the suspended Dnipro River flux. Its further prolongation requires fundamental modification of the monitoring system in accordance with the proposals of this paper.
Copyright (c) 2026 Сергій Шнюков, Євген Насєдкін, Ірина Лазарєва, Олександра Ольштинська, Вікторія Осипенко, Олексій Бункевич, Антон Виршило https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methods to detect explosive hazards in agricultural areas
Background. Contamination of agricultural land with explosive ordnance (EO) following the war unleashed by the Russian Federation poses a significant threat to the life and health of farmers and hinders the restoration of agricultural activities. Detection and neutralization of EO is a complex and dangerous process that requires a comprehensive approach. This article examines the main types of landmines found in Ukraine, outlines the main revealing factors of explosive ordnance, analyzes existing methods and technologies for detecting EO on agricultural land, and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. Results. The application of UAVs in humanitarian demining demonstrates significant potential for risk reduction and accelerated clearance of affected territories from explosive ordnance. Specifically, aerial photography and thermal imaging scanning via UAVs prove effective for the initial inspection of extensive areas and the identification of potentially hazardous zones. The application of metal detectors and geophysical methods allows for the optimization of further efforts. The integration of geographic information systems (GIS) with artificial intelligence (AI) offers a promising auxiliary approach. By leveraging satellite imagery and machine learning, AI can analyze extensive datasets to detect and classify changes in land resources resulting from military actions. Besides, it plays a crucial role in rapid and accurate monitoring of affected territories. Based on the test plots in the Kyiv and Kharkiv regions, this study demonstrates the practical application of Earth remote sensing data, GIS spatial analysis, and machine learning for EO detection on agricultural lands. Conclusions. Traditional methods of mine detection and disposal are labour-intensive, dangerous, and often ineffective. Applying a combination of diverse EO detection methods (metal detectors, mechanical methods, geophysical methods, biophysical methods, UAVs with aerial photography and thermal imaging scanning, and other sensors) and integrating modern technologies (remote sensing tools and artificial intelligence) allows for achieving maximum survey efficiency and increasing safety. Each method has its advantages and limitations, and combining them promotes compensating for the shortcomings of individual methods.
Copyright (c) 2025 Віталій ЗАЦЕРКОВНИЙ, Ірина ЦЮПА, Мауро ДЕ ДОНАТІС, Ігор НІКОЛЮК, Валентин КРАВЧЕНЯ, Oлександр ЦВИК, Тетяна МІРОНЧУК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methodology for the automated detection of anomalous geospatial zones in satellite imagery using statistical analysis and a custom QGIS plugin
Background. This article presents a methodology for the automated detection of anomalous geospatial zones, implemented as a plugin for the QGIS geographic information system. The developed tool enhances the efficiency of spatial analysis and enables the rapid identification of areas with potential changes for monitoring natural and anthropogenic processes. Methods. The proposed approach is based on thresholding and statistical analysis of satellite imagery within the QGIS environment. The plugin provides interactive adjustment of image processing parameters and automatically detects geodynamic anomalies, which are then vectorized and delivered to the user for further analysis. The algorithm utilizes Python libraries (NumPy, SciPy, GDAL, PyQt, QGIS API) to handle various types of satellite data and applies standard deviation-based criteria to identify anomalous areas. Results. The testing of the plugin developed by the authors confirmed its effectiveness in processing satellite imagery types such as InSAR, thermal infrared (TIR), and NDWI-based images. The plugin successfully identified areas of vertical displacement of the Earth's surface, detected thermal anomalies, and delineated regions with moisture deficits. This approach substantially improves the accuracy of geospatial analysis. Conclusions. The developed plugin is an effective tool for the automated monitoring of changes in the Earth's surface and the assessment of hydrogeological conditions. Its integration within the QGIS environment enables the efficient adjustment of analysis parameters and the generation of results in vector data format. Plugin testing confirmed its practical value and revealed potential directions for further improvement, particularly regarding the separate processing of positive and negative displacement values to enhance the accuracy of anomaly interpretation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Василь ГУДАК, Сергій МАРГЕС, Віталій ЗАЦЕРКОВНИЙ, Мауро ДЕ ДОНАТІС https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
First experience in using satellite data for monitoring the hydro-fluid regime of Lokbatan volcano in the assessment of seismic event risks in the region
Background. Mud volcanoes are unique natural structures affecting the environment by continuous emissions of gas-liquid fluids, mud breccia and mudflows. Despite extensive research and a substantial dataset on mud volcanism, the understanding of the fluid dynamics and hydrogeological processes associated with these systems remains a subject of ongoing debate. Globally, there are more than 2,500 mud volcanoes distributed across 42 countries (Aliyev et al., 2015), highlighting their widespread occurrence. Azerbaijan represents a unique region for the study of contemporary mud volcanism, hosting more than 350 mud volcanoes within a relatively small territory. Among them, the Lokbatan mud volcano is the most active, with 28 recorded eruptions. In this context, a comprehensive approach to studying the activity of mud volcanoes, including satellite monitoring, is highly relevant. Methods. The study employed remote sensing techniques to analyze the hydro-fluid regime of the Lokbatan mud volcano. Specifically, satellite imagery was used to calculate a moisture index for the volcano field. For the first time, this index was remotely measured, enabling assessment of surface moisture dynamics as a proxy for fluid migration and subsurface activity. Results. The satellite-derived moisture index showed clear correlations with mud volcanic activity. Observations indicate that variations in the moisture index correspond to shifts in the fluid regime of the volcano, reflecting possible underground fluid migration or pressure changes prior to eruptions. Conclusions. The study demonstrates the potential of satellite-based monitoring in assessing the hydro-fluid regime of active mud volcanoes. The approach provides an effective, low-cost alternative to field-based observations and can support early warning systems for seismic or eruptive events. These findings contribute to the development of preventive strategies for managing geological hazards in seismically active regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Аріф ГУСЕЙНОВ, Віктор НЕСТЕРОВСЬКИЙ, Айтен ГУСЕЙНОВА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilizing GIS, GPS, remote sensing, and AI in the study of soil characteristics
Background. Modern agriculture faces numerous challenges associated with climate change, economic factors, and increasing demands for production efficiency. The implementation of advanced technologies, particularly Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS/GPS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI), allows for the optimization of agrotechnical processes and improved productivity in precision farming. Methods. This study examines the application methods of GIS, GPS, RS, and AI in precision agriculture. It employs the analysis of satellite and aerial imagery, spatial modelling techniques, geostatistics, and machine learning for yield prediction and optimization of management decisions. Additionally, the use of sensor systems for field data collection and their integration into digital agricultural platforms is analysed. Results. The study implemented a comprehensive model for assessing soil characteristics by combining GIS, GPS, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence methods. The results confirmed the effectiveness of using digital maps and satellite images for spatial interpolation of soil parameters (such as potassium, moisture, and humus content), yield mapping, and real-time crop monitoring. GPS navigation ensured high accuracy in machinery positioning and soil sampling, while machine learning algorithms (particularly LAI-based models and Random Forest) demonstrated yield prediction accuracy above 80 %. A crop rotation model built using Python libraries enabled the development of an optimal five-year rotation plan, considering soil types, climatic conditions, and potential yield. Variability maps and zoning results served as the basis for scenario-based field management at the enterprise level. Conclusions. The integration of GIS, GPS, RS, and AI into agricultural practices significantly enhances the accuracy of soil analysis and the efficiency of agroprocess management. The developed model enables the automation of decision-making processes based on large volumes of spatial and field data, contributing to cost reduction, increased productivity, and preservation of soil fertility. The implementation experience in the Kyiv region has demonstrated its practical applicability and potential for scaling within the framework of modern precision agriculture.
global navigation satellite systems (GNSS/GPS)
APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator)
DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer)
Copyright (c) 2025 Віталій ЗАЦЕРКОВНИЙ, Віктор ВОРОХ, Ольга ГЛОБА, Тетяна МІРОНЧУК, Людмила ПЛІЧКО https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0